Drinking
water
is
one
of
numerous
sources
human
exposure
to
microscale
and
nanoscale
plastic
particles.
Here,
using
a
mouse
model,
we
tested
enteric
hepatic
cellular
responses
nanoplastic
ingestion.
At
1.5
or
25.5
h
after
an
oral
dose
70
mg
polystyrene
nanospheres
(PSNS)/kg
(nominal
diameters
20
200
nm)
in
aqueous
suspension
female
mice
exhibit
no
overt
signs
toxicity.
Routine
histopathology
on
small
intestine
liver
reveals
acute
Immunohistochemistry
detects
increase
the
number
enterocytes
with
cleaved
caspase-3
(active
form)
PSNS
(
p
≤
0.05)
indicating
progression
toward
lytic
cell
death
via
proinflammatory
pathway.
This
not
evident
exposure.
Transmission
electron
microscopy
at
nm
Putative
endosomes
appear
sequester
particles
Both
putative
perinuclear
autolysosomes
treatment.
No
significant
changes
gene
expression
were
observed
dosing,
but
there
was
trend
altered
cyp1b1
liver.
Analysis
fecal
microbiome
shows
loss
diversity
both
h.
Taken
together,
these
results
suggest
risk
from
ingestion
drinking
water,
which
deserves
systematic
investigation.
Journal of Fish Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
97(2), С. 328 - 340
Опубликована: Май 22, 2020
Environmental
signals
act
primarily
on
physiological
systems,
which
then
influence
higher-level
functions
such
as
movement
patterns
and
population
dynamics.
Increases
in
average
temperature
variability
associated
with
global
climate
change
are
likely
to
have
strong
effects
fish
physiology
thereby
populations
fisheries.
Here
we
review
the
principal
mechanisms
that
transduce
responses
those
fish.
Temperature
has
a
direct,
thermodynamic
effect
biochemical
reaction
rates.
Nonetheless,
plastic
longer-term
thermal
mean
fishes
can
modulate
their
acute
compensate
at
least
partially
for
effects.
Energetics
particularly
relevant
growth
movement,
therefore
fisheries,
pronounced
energy
metabolism.
All
(ATP)
production
is
ultimately
linked
mitochondria,
mitochondrial
efficiency
maximal
capacities.
Mitochondria
dependent
oxygen
ultimate
electron
acceptor
so
cardiovascular
function
delivery
link
environmental
inputs
Growth
efficiency,
conversion
of
food
into
tissue,
changes
temperature,
there
indications
warmer
water
leads
decreased
efficiencies.
Moreover,
migration
relies
muscle
function,
ATP
but
also
intracellular
calcium
cycling
within
myocyte.
Neuroendocrine
processes
regulated
level
different
tissues,
including
muscle.
These
individuals
scale
up
change.
A
mechanistic
understanding
essential
predict
vulnerability
species
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
54(21), С. 13849 - 13860
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2020
Many
pollutants
cause
endocrine
disruption
in
aquatic
organisms.
While
studies
of
the
direct
effects
toxicants
on
exposed
organisms
are
commonplace,
little
is
known
about
potential
for
toxicant
exposures
a
parental
(F0)
generation
to
affect
unexposed
F1
or
F2
generations
(multigenerational
and
transgenerational
effects,
respectively),
particularly
estuarine
fishes.
To
investigate
this
possibility,
we
inland
silversides
(Menidia
beryllina)
environmentally
relevant
(low
ng/L)
concentrations
ethinylestradiol,
bifenthrin,
trenbolone,
levonorgestrel
from
8
hpf
21
dph.
We
then
measured
development,
immune
response,
reproduction,
gene
expression,
DNA
methylation
two
subsequent
following
exposure.
Larval
exposure
each
compound
resulted
negative
F0
generations,
ethinylestradiol
levonorgestrel,
also.
The
specific
endpoints
that
were
responsive
varied,
but
included
increased
incidence
larval
deformities,
reduced
growth
survival,
impaired
function,
skewed
sex
ratios,
ovarian
atresia,
egg
production,
altered
expression.
Additionally,
fish
exhibited
differences
selected
genes,
across
all
three
indicating
epigenetic
transfer
effects.
These
findings
suggest
assessments
multiple
key
determining
full
magnitude
adverse
contaminant
early
life.
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
7
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2020
The
inland
silverside,
Menidia
beryllina,
is
a
euryhaline
fish
and
model
organism
in
ecotoxicology.
We
previously
showend
that
exposure
to
picomolar
(ng/L)
levels
of
endocrine
disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
can
cause
variety
effects
M.
from
changes
gene
expression
phenotypic
alterations.
Here
we
explore
the
potential
for
early
life
EDCs
modify
epigenome
silversides,
with
focus
on
multi-
transgenerational
effects.
included
contaminants
emerging
concern
(the
pyrethroid
insecticide
bifenthrin
synthetic
progestin
levonorgestrel),
as
well
commonly
detected
estrogen
(ethinylestradiol),
androgen
(trenbolone)
at
ranging
3
10
ng/L.
In
multigenerational
experiment,
exposed
parental
silversides
fertilization
until
21
days
post
hatch
(dph).
Then
assessed
DNA
methylation
patterns
three
generations
(F0,
F1,
F2)
whole
body
larval
using
reduced
representation
bisulfite
sequencing
(RRBS).
found
significant
(
=
0.05)
differences
promoter
and/or
treatment
relative
controls
all
indicating
both
(F1)
(F2)
were
caused
by
strict
inheritance
alterations
dysregulation
epigenetic
control
mechanisms.
Using
ontology
pathway
analyses,
enrichment
biological
processes
pathways
representative
growth
development,
immune
function,
reproduction,
pigmentation,
regulation,
stress
response
repair
(including
important
carcinogenesis).
Further,
subset
potentially
EDC
responsive
genes
(EDCRGs)
differentially
methylated
across
treatments
hormone
receptors,
involved
steroidogenesis,
prostaglandin
synthesis,
sexual
methylation,
protein
metabolism
cell
signaling,
neurodevelopment.
analysis
EDCRGs
provided
additional
evidence
differential
inherited
offspring
EDC-treated
animals,
sometimes
F2
generation
was
never
exposed.
These
findings
show
low,
environmentally
relevant
altered
are
functionally
impaired
phenotypes
documented
EDC-exposed
animals
has
affect
regulation
future
fish.
Toxics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9(5), С. 114 - 114
Опубликована: Май 20, 2021
Changing
salinity
in
estuaries
due
to
sea
level
rise
and
altered
rainfall
patterns,
as
a
result
of
climate
change,
has
the
potential
influence
interactions
aquatic
pollutants
well
alter
their
toxicity.
From
chemical
property
point
view,
ionic
concentration
can
increase
octanol–water
partition
coefficient
thus
decrease
water
solubility
compound.
Biologically,
organism
physiology
enzyme
metabolism
are
also
at
different
salinities
with
implications
for
drug
toxic
effects.
This
highlights
need
understand
on
pesticide
toxicity
when
assessing
risk
estuarine
marine
fishes,
particularly
considering
that
change
is
predicted
regimes
globally
many
assessments
regulatory
decisions
made
using
freshwater
studies.
Therefore,
we
exposed
Inland
Silverside
(Menidia
beryllina)
an
early
life
stage
seven
commonly
used
pesticides
two
relevant
waters
(5
PSU
15
PSU).
Triadimefon
was
only
compound
show
statistically
significant
LC50.
However,
all
compounds
showed
LC50
values
higher
salinity,
but
one
LC10
value.
Many
organisms
rely
nurseries
increased
may
mean
critical
stages
development
experiencing
adverse,
The
differences
demonstrated
here
have
important
living
within
ecosystems
Anthropocene
alters
globally.
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
20(2)
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2022
Climate
change
is
intensifying
the
effects
of
multiple
interacting
stressors
on
aquatic
ecosystems,
particularly
in
estuaries.
In
San
Francisco
Estuary,
signals
climate
are
apparent
long-term
monitoring
record.
Here
we
synthesize
current
and
potential
future
three
main
ecosystems
(floodplain,
tidal
marsh,
open
water)
upper
estuary
two
representative
native
fishes
that
commonly
occur
these
(anadromous
Chinook
Salmon,
Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha
estuarine
resident
Sacramento
Splittail,
Pogonichthys
macrolepidotus).
Based
our
review,
found
experiencing
shifting
baseline
environmental
conditions,
amplification
extremes,
restructuring
physical
habitats
biological
communities.
We
present
priority
topics
for
research
monitoring,
a
conceptual
model
how
currently
functions
relation
to
variables.
addition,
discuss
four
tools
management
effects:
regulatory,
water
infrastructure,
habitat
development,
measures.
conclude
adapting
requires
fundamental
changes
management.