Loss of coral reef growth capacity to track future increases in sea level

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 558(7710), С. 396 - 400

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Massive Influx of Pelagic Sargassum spp. on the Coasts of the Mexican Caribbean 2014–2020: Challenges and Opportunities

Water, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(10), С. 2908 - 2908

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2020

Since late 2014, the Mexican Caribbean coast has periodically received massive, atypical influxes of pelagic Sargassum spp. (sargasso). Negative impacts associated with these include mortality nearshore benthic flora and fauna, beach erosion, pollution, decreasing tourism high management costs. To understand dynamics sargasso influx, we used Landsat 8 imagery (from 2016 to mid-2020) record coverage in sea off coastline, a maximum reported September 2018. Satellite image analysis also showed local differences quantity beached along coastline. Over years, good practice for collection on off-shore have been established through trial error, Government hotel industry spent millions dollars removal detention sargasso. Notwithstanding, various properties that could be harnessed industries. The stimulation industrial growth would offer alternatives dependence tourism, as circular economy, based sargasso, is developed.

Язык: Английский

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Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(11), С. 1726 - 1735

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Nutrient content and stoichiometry of pelagic Sargassum reflects increasing nitrogen availability in the Atlantic Basin

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2021

Abstract The pelagic brown macroalgae Sargassum spp. have grown for centuries in oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic Ocean supported by natural nutrient sources, such as excretions from associated fishes and invertebrates, upwelling, N 2 fixation. Using a unique historical baseline, we show that since 1980s tissue %N has increased 35%, while %P decreased 44%, resulting 111% increase N:P ratio (13:1 to 28:1) P limitation. highest δ 15 values occurred coastal influenced N-rich terrestrial runoff, lower C:N C:P ratios winter spring during peak river discharges. These findings suggest availability is supporting blooms turning critical nursery habitat into harmful algal with catastrophic impacts on ecosystems, economies, human health.

Язык: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease decimated Caribbean coral populations and reshaped reef functionality

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022

Diseases are major drivers of the deterioration coral reefs and linked to declines in abundance, reef functionality, reef-related ecosystems services. An outbreak a new disease is currently rampaging through populations remaining reef-building corals across Caribbean region. The was first reported Florida 2014 reached northern Mesoamerican Reef by summer 2018, where it spread ~450-km system only few months. Rapid generalized all sites mortality rates ranged from 94% <10% among 21 afflicted species. Most species family Meandrinadae (maze corals) subfamily Faviinae (brain sustained losses >50%. This single event further modified communities region increasing relative dominance weedy reducing both terms functional diversity calcium carbonate production. emergent likely become most lethal disturbance ever recorded Caribbean, will result onset regime key complex branching acroporids, an apparently unaffected genus that underwent severe population decades ago retained low levels, once again conspicuous structural features systems with yet even lower levels physical functionality.

Язык: Английский

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Rhodobacterales and Rhizobiales Are Associated With Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease and Its Suspected Sources of Transmission

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2020

In 2014, Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) was detected off the coast of Miami, Florida, USA, and continues to persist. Along Florida Reef Tract (FRT), coral reefs have previously succumbed disease outbreaks. However, SCTLD can up a 99% mortality rate has affected 23 species scleractinian corals. addition its high rate, fast spread through FRT led regional near-extinction at least one species, Dendrogya cylindrus. Although persisted for over 5 years, etiology is unknown. As means characterize potential pathogens, we collected tissue samples from four species: Stephanocoenia intersepta, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Dichocoenia stokesii, Meandrina meandrites. were apparently healthy (AH) corals, unaffected (DU) lesion (DL) on diseased Samples three zones: (1) Lower Keys (ahead boundary, "vulnerable zone"), (2) Upper (post-SCTLD outbreak, "endemic (3) Middle (SCTLD active prevalent, "epidemic zone"). From each zone, sediment water also identify reservoirs pathogen. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing methods microbiomes coral, water, samples. identified relatively higher abundance bacteria orders Rhodobacterales Rhizobiales in DL compared AH DU tissue. Also, our results showed abundances endemic epidemic zones vulnerable zone. pathogens samples, but not Our data indicate that may play role be reservoir.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of topical antibiotics in treating corals affected by Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8, С. e9289 - e9289

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020

Since 2014, Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) has led to mass mortality of the majority hard coral species on Florida Reef Tract. Following successful treatment SCTLD lesions laboratory corals using water dosed with antibiotics, two topical pastes were developed as vehicles directly apply antibiotic treatments wild corals. These tested placebos and additions amoxicillin active multiple species. The effectiveness without antibiotics (placebo treatments) was 4% 9%, no different from untreated controls. Adding both significantly increased 70% 84%. Effectiveness this method seen across five species, success rates more effective paste ranging 67% ( Colpophyllia natans ) 90% Orbicella faveolata Montastraea cavernosa ). Topical application is a viable tool for halting disease affected by SCTLD.

Язык: Английский

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Disease Diagnostics and Potential Coinfections by Vibrio coralliilyticus During an Ongoing Coral Disease Outbreak in Florida

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2020

A deadly coral disease outbreak has been devastating the Florida Reef Tract since 2014. This disease, stony tissue loss (SCTLD), affects at least 22 species causing progressive destruction of tissue. The etiological agents responsible for SCTLD are unidentified, but pathogenic bacteria suspected. Virulence screens 400 isolates identified four potentially strains Vibrio spp. subsequently as V. coralliilyticus. Strains this known pathogens; however, cultures were unable to consistently elicit loss, suggesting an opportunistic role. Using improved immunoassay, VcpA RapidTest, a toxic zinc-metalloprotease produced by coralliilyticus was detected on 22.3% Montastraea cavernosa (n=67) and 23.5% diseased Orbicella faveolata (n=24). VcpA+ corals had significantly higher mortality rates faster progression. For VcpA- fragments, 21.6% 33.3% M. O. faveolata, respectively, died within 21 d observation, while 100% similarly sized fragments both during same period. Further physiological genomic analysis found no apparent differences between Atlantic cultured here pathogens from Indo-Pacific highlighted diversity among their immense genetic potential. In all, is believed be coinfections that exacerbate existing lesions, which contributing intraspecific observed colonies. study describes virulence well diagnostic tools capable tracking pathogen involved, important contributions management understanding SCTLD.

Язык: Английский

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Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2020

Samples from eight species of corals ( Colpophyllia natans , Dendrogyra cylindrus Diploria labyrinthiformis Meandrina meandrites Montastraea cavernosa Orbicella faveolata, Pseudodiploria strigosa and Siderastrea siderea ) that exhibited gross clinical signs acute, subacute, or chronic tissue loss attributed to stony coral disease (SCTLD) were collected the Florida Reef Tract during 2016–2018 examined histopathologically. The hallmark microscopic lesion seen in all was focal multifocal lytic necrosis (LN) originating gastrodermis basal body wall (BBW) extending calicodermis, with more advanced lesions involving surface wall. This accompanied by other degenerative changes host cells such as mucocyte hypertrophy, degradation fragmentation gastrodermal architecture, disintegration mesoglea. Zooxanthellae manifested various including (cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, pyknosis); peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation; cytoplasmic vacuolation deformation, swelling, atrophy; swollen accumulation bodies; prominent pyrenoids; degraded chloroplasts. Polyhedral intracytoplasmic eosinophilic periodic acid–Schiff-positive crystalline inclusion bodies (∼1–10 μm length) only M. P. BBW adjacent active some unaffected areas (without lesions) diseased colonies. Coccoidlike coccobacilloidlike structures (Gram-neutral) reminiscent microorganisms occasionally associated LN apparently healthy colonies along parasites bacteria considered likely secondary colonizers. Of 82 samples showing SCTLD, 71 (87%) confirmed histologically have LN. Collectively, pathology indicates SCTLD is result a disruption host–symbiont physiology leading detachment sloughing tissues skeleton. Future investigations could focus on identifying cause pathogenesis this process.

Язык: Английский

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Reef-scale impacts of the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 39(4), С. 861 - 866

Опубликована: Май 15, 2020

Язык: Английский

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