AAPS introductions in the pharmaceutical sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 49 - 76
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
PubMed, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(2), С. 61 - 68
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term disease (COVID). This study investigated impact natural vaccination, hybrid on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis role memory T-cells in COVID-19. The present reviewed current literature including development, individuals SARS-CoV-2 those vaccinated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, immunity. It examined studies that compared activity, immune regulation, prevalence COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological which may contribute to prolonged Vaccination, particularly mRNA elicits targeted consistent T-cells, severity, incidence Hybrid combines provides most robust protection, enhanceds reduces through balanced regulation. Memory play critical mitigating Vaccination significantly enhances immunity, minimizing chronic symptoms alone. effective defense, emphasizing importance even after prevent
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(10), С. 1543 - 1564
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The advent of RNA therapy, particularly through the development mRNA cancer vaccines, has ushered in a new era field oncology. This article provides concise overview key principles, recent advancements, and potential implications vaccines as groundbreaking modality treatment. represent revolutionary approach to combatting by leveraging body's innate immune system. These are designed deliver specific sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens, prompting system recognize mount targeted response against malignant cells. personalized adaptive nature holds immense for addressing heterogeneity tailoring treatments individual patients. Recent breakthroughs exemplified success COVID-19 have accelerated their application platform's versatility allows rapid adaptation vaccine candidates various types, presenting an agile promising avenue therapeutic intervention. Clinical trials demonstrated encouraging results terms safety, immunogenicity, efficacy. Pioneering candidates, such BioNTech's BNT111 Moderna's mRNA-4157, exhibited outcomes targeting melanoma solid tumors, respectively. successes underscore elicit robust durable anti-cancer responses. While great promise, challenges manufacturing complexities cost considerations need be addressed widespread adoption. scalable cost-effective processes, along with ongoing clinical research, will pivotal realizing full vaccines. Overall, cutting-edge that promise transforming As research progresses, refining processes crucial advancing these from mainstream oncology practice, offering hope patients fight cancer.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
Virulence, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted, RNA that causes an often-severe musculoskeletal illness characterized by fever, joint pain, and range of debilitating symptoms. The has re-emerged as global health threat in recent decades, spreading from its origin Africa across Asia the Americas, leading to widespread outbreaks impacting millions people. Despite more than 50 years research into pathogenesis CHIKV, there still no curative treatment available. Current management CHIKV infections primarily involves providing supportive care alleviate symptoms improve patient's quality life. Given ongoing urgent need better understand pathogenesis. This understanding crucial for deciphering mechanisms underlying disease developing effective strategies both prevention management. review aims provide comprehensive overview pathogenesis, shedding light on complex interactions viral genetics, host factors, immune responses, vector-related factors. By exploring these intricate connections, seeks contribute knowledge base surrounding offering insights may ultimately lead this re-emerging threat.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(11), С. 892 - 892
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone produced primarily in the adrenal glands, playing crucial role various physiological processes. As well as improving vascular integrity and decreasing permeability, ADM acts vasodilator, positive inotrope, diuretic, natriuretic bronchodilator, antagonizing angiotensin II by inhibiting aldosterone secretion. also has antihypertrophic, anti-apoptotic, antifibrotic, antioxidant, angiogenic immunoregulatory effects antimicrobial properties. expression upregulated hypoxia, inflammation-inducing cytokines, viral or bacterial substances, strength of shear stress, leakage blood vessels. These pathological conditions are established during systemic inflammation that can result from infections, surgery, trauma/accidents burns. The ability to rapidly identify infections prognostic, predictive power makes it valuable tool severe burdened high incidence mortality. This review sheds light on pathophysiological processes cause endothelitis up development organ damage, resulting increase levels dosed through its more stable mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), most significant studies attest diagnostic prognostic accuracy highlighting severity appropriate therapeutic insights.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 1036 - 1036
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
The development of vaccines has entered a new era with the advent nanotechnology, particularly through utilization nanoparticles. This review focuses on role nanoparticles in enhancing efficacy and stability mRNA vaccines. Nanoparticles, owing to their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable size, ability be functionalized, have emerged powerful tools vaccine development. Specifically, lipid (LNPs) revolutionized delivery by protecting fragile molecules facilitating efficient uptake cells. discusses various types employed formulations, including lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting advantages limitations. Moreover, it explores mechanisms which improve immune responses, enhanced antigen presentation prolonged release mRNA. also addresses challenges future directions nanoparticle-based development, emphasizing need for further research optimize formulations broader applications. By providing an in-depth analysis current advancements potential vaccines, this aims shed light critical combating infectious diseases improving public health outcomes.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(28)
Опубликована: Май 10, 2024
Gene knock-in refers to the insertion of exogenous functional genes into a target genome achieve continuous expression. Currently, most tools are based on site-directed nucleases, which can induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at target, following designed donors carrying be inserted via endogenous gene repair pathway. The size donor is limited by characteristics repair, and DSBs risks like genotoxicity. New generation tools, such as prime editing, transposase, integrase, insert larger fragments while minimizing or eliminating risk DSBs, opening new avenues in development animal models therapy. However, elimination off-target events production delivery carriers with precise requirements remain challenging, restricting application current treatments mainly vitro settings. Here, comprehensive review that do not/minimally rely use other mechanisms provided. Moreover, challenges recent advances vivo terms therapeutic process discussed. Collectively, DSBs-minimizing large-fragment has revolutionized field from basic research clinical treatment.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
COVID-19, stemming from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has initiated a worldwide respiratory pandemic. Remarkable headway been made in realm of vaccination, as nearly every nation COVID-19 vaccine deployment. However, mere 32.6% individuals low-income countries have received only single dose. Unprecedented research and development endeavors yielded over 170 vaccines, several which are now practical use. These vaccines demonstrated remarkable efficacy averting severe illness, hospitalization, fatalities even against emerging variants. Research pursuits persist, concentrating on novel technologies, oral nasal broader coronavirus protection, combinations. In therapeutics, there significant strides developing antiviral medications monoclonal antibodies. Nonetheless, challenges vaccination encompassing issues hesitancy, accessibility, financial barriers, knowledge gaps, logistical hindrances. Robust monitoring via global agencies reporting systems remains pivotal. Strategies for enhancing rooted fostering trust, countering misinformation, expanding access. As approach involves dedicated research, clinical trials, regulatory streamlining, stockpiling, international collaboration. Telemedicine public awareness campaigns play integral roles this effort, with coordination being linchpin preserving lives mitigating disease's impact. The campaign witnessed substantial advancements, an ongoing focus therapeutics that not more accessible affordable but also effective, particularly populations vulnerable communities.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2024
Vaccinology, the scientific discipline focused on vaccines, has evolved from combating infectious diseases to addressing a wide array of broad spectrum health concerns, including autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and allergies, with promising therapeutic vaccines for cancer utilizing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) adoptive cell therapy, like chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T-cells), CAR-natural killer cells (CAR-NK cells), CAR-macrophages (CAR-M), as well necrotic necroptotic cells. Additionally, ongoing research endeavors aim develop anti-addiction vaccines. This chapter offers comprehensive exploration vaccinology, encompassing fundamental immunity concepts, role adjuvants, various vaccine types. It traces evolution development traditional methods modern innovations messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) exemplified by those developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which offer rapid adaptability emerging variants. The significance measuring neutralizing antibodies in assessing efficacy effectiveness, is crucial guiding epidemic responses, underscored. By delving into historical contemporary developments, current challenges, envisioning future directions, this fosters deeper understanding vaccinology encourages critical reflection innovative solutions global challenges.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Influenza viruses cause substantial morbidity and mortality every year despite seasonal vaccination. mRNA-based vaccines have the potential to elicit more protective immune responses, but for maximal breadth durability, it is desirable deliver both viral hemagglutinin neuraminidase glycoproteins. Delivering multiple antigens individually, however, complicates manufacturing increases cost, thus would be beneficial express proteins from a single mRNA. Here, we develop an mRNA genetic configuration that allows simultaneous expression of unmodified, full-length NA HA open reading frame. We apply this approach glycoproteins contemporary influenza A B and, after vaccination, observe high levels functional antibodies protection disease in female mouse male ferret challenge models. This may further efforts utilize technology improve vaccine efficacy by efficiently delivering simultaneously their native state.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(24), С. 7699 - 7699
Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has played a critical role in controlling the spread of pandemic. The main side effects vaccination include fever and fatigue; however, potential impacts on menstrual cycles are to be determined. Given limited number studies suggesting changes post vaccination, this study investigates correlation between COVID-19 vaccines cycle fertile-aged Italian women. A questionnaire was distributed from 1 October 31 November 2022, focusing rhythm flow vaccination. analysis involved 471 participants. observed shift regular an irregular (p < 0.001), duration = 0.008 p 0.001 for first second doses, respectively) volume 0.001). Most patients with rhythms were vaccinated proliferative phase their cycle. Within six months 74.2% women post-vaccination reported return normality. These findings indicate primarily transient following mRNA vaccines' safety reproductive age.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3