This review centers on the stationary phase of bacterial culture. The basic processes specific to the stationary phase, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that allow the bacteria to survive in conditions of stress, are described.
Pseudomonas
putida
KT2440
is
a
model
bacteria
used
commonly
for
medium-chain-length
polyhydroxyalkanoates
(mcl-PHAs)
production
using
various
substrates.
However,
despite
many
studies
conducted
on
P.
strain,
the
molecular
mechanisms
of
leading
to
mcl-PHAs
synthesis
in
reaction
environmental
stimuli
are
still
not
clear.
The
rearrangement
metabolism
response
stress
could
be
controlled
by
stringent
that
modulates
transcription
genes
order
promote
survival
under
nutritional
deprivation
conditions.
Therefore,
this
work
we
investigated
relation
between
and
response.
For
study,
relA/spoT
mutant
KT2440,
unable
induce
response,
was
used.
Additionally,
transcriptome
analyzed
RNA-seq
examine
rearrangements
during
cultivation.
results
show
able
accumulate
both
optimal
nitrogen
limiting
Nitrogen
starvation
did
change
efficiency
mutant.
transition
from
exponential
growth
stationary
phase
caused
significant
upregulation
involved
transport
system
metabolism.
Transcriptional
regulators,
including
rpoS,
rpoN
rpoD,
changes
transcript
abundance
when
entering
phase,
suggesting
their
limited
role
accumulation
phase.
Abstract
Pathogenic
bacteria
use
specific
host
factors
to
modulate
virulence
and
stress
responses
during
infection.
We
found
previously
that
the
factor
bile
component
glyco-conjugated
cholate
(NaGCH,
sodium
glycocholate)
upregulate
colonization
CS5
in
enterotoxigenic
Escherichia
coli
(ETEC).
To
further
understand
global
regulatory
effects
of
NaGCH,
we
performed
Illumina
RNA-Seq
crude
NaGCH
altered
expression
61
genes
+
CS6
ETEC
isolates.
The
most
striking
finding
was
high
induction
operon
(
csfA-F
),
its
putative
transcription
csvR
,
cexE
.
iTRAQ-coupled
LC-MS/MS
proteomic
analyses
verified
plasmid-borne
proteins
CexE
also
showed
affected
bacterial
membrane
proteins.
Furthermore,
induced
aggregate,
increased
their
adherence
epithelial
cells,
reduced
motility.
Our
results
indicate
present
small
intestine
as
a
signal
initiate
epithelium.
Microorganisms
need
to
adapt
rapidly
survive
harsh
environmental
changes.
Here,
we
showed
the
broad
influence
of
highly
studied
bacterial
stringent
stress
response
under
nonstressful
conditions
that
indicate
its
general
physiological
importance
and
might
reflect
readiness
bacteria
respond
activate
acute
responses.
Using
RNA-Seq
investigate
transcriptional
network
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
cells
revealed
>30%
all
genes
changed
expression
in
a
mutant
optimal
growth
conditions.
This
included
regulated
by
global
regulators
novel
downstream
effectors.
Our
results
help
understand
this
regulator
lifestyle
relatively
unstressed
As
such,
it
draws
attention
consequences
targeting
ubiquitous
signaling
molecule.