Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States, 2019

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 74(5), С. 405 - 432

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

In 2018, the authors reported estimates of number and proportion cancers attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in 2014 United States. These data are useful for advocating informing cancer prevention control. Herein, based on up-to-date relative occurrence data, estimated invasive cases (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) deaths, overall 30 types among adults who were aged years older 2019 States, that factors. included cigarette smoking; second-hand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol consumption; consumption red processed meat; low fruits vegetables, dietary fiber, calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; seven carcinogenic infections. Numbers deaths obtained from sources with complete national coverage, factor prevalence nationally representative surveys, associated risks published large-scale pooled or meta-analyses. 2019, an 40.0% (713,340 1,781,649) all incident 44.0% (262,120 595,737) States evaluated Cigarette smoking was leading contributing (19.3% 28.5%, respectively), followed by weight (7.6% 7.3%, (5.4% 4.1%, respectively). For 19 types, more than one half considered this study. Lung had highest (201,660) (122,740) factors, female breast (83,840 cases), melanoma (82,710), colorectal (78,440) (25,800 deaths), liver (14,720), esophageal (13,600) deaths. Large numbers underscoring potential substantially reduce burden through broad equitable implementation preventive initiatives.

Язык: Английский

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HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: in search of surrogate biomarkers for early lesions

Oncogene, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(8), С. 543 - 554

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC) has escalated in the past few decades; this largely been triggered by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Early screening is needed for timely clinical intervention and may reduce mortality morbidity, but lack knowledge about premalignant lesions OPSCC poses a significant challenge to early detection. Biomarkers that identify individuals at high risk act as surrogate markers precancer these are limited only studies decipher multistep progression from HPV infection development. Here, we summarize current literature describing oral infection, persistence, tumor development oropharynx. We also examine key challenges hinder identification oropharynx discuss potential biomarkers precancer. Finally, evaluate novel strategies improve investigations biological process drives persistence OPSCC, highlighting new developments establishment genetic model + vivo models mimic pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Consensuses, controversies, and future directions in treatment deintensification for human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal cancer

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73(2), С. 164 - 197

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

Abstract The most common cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the United States is oropharyngeal (OPC), and its incidence has been rising since turn of century. Because substantial long‐term morbidities with chemoradiation favorable prognosis HPV‐positive OPC, identifying optimal deintensification strategy for this group a keystone academic head‐and‐neck surgery, radiation oncology, medical oncology over past decade. However, first generation randomized chemotherapy trials failed to change standard care, triggering concern feasibility de‐escalation. National database studies estimate that up one third patients receive nonstandard de‐escalated treatments, which have subspecialty‐specific nuances. A synthesis multidisciplinary data current treatment standards important community reinforce best practices ensure patient outcomes. In review, authors present summary comparison prospective OPC de‐escalation trials. Chemotherapy attenuation compromises outcomes without reducing toxicity. Limited comparing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) raise toxicity TORS. There are promising support de‐escalating adjuvant therapy after TORS, but consensus on indications needed. Encouraging strategies reported (upfront dose reduction induction chemotherapy‐based selection), level I evidence years away. Ultimately, stage HPV status may be insufficient guide future lie incorporating intratreatment response assessments harness powers personalized medicine integrate real‐time surveillance.

Язык: Английский

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Screening for extranodal extension in HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma: evaluation of a CT-based deep learning algorithm in patient data from a multicentre, randomised de-escalation trial

The Lancet Digital Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(6), С. e360 - e369

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of Social Vulnerability in Pediatric Head and Neck Cancer Care and Prognosis in the United States

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(2), С. e230016 - e230016

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Prior investigations in social determinants of health (SDoH) pediatric head and neck cancer (HNC) have only considered a narrow scope HNCs, SDoH, geography while lacking inquiry into the interrelational association SDoH with disparities clinical HNC.To evaluate HNC among children adolescents to assess which specific aspects are most associated dynamic regional sociodemographic contexts.This retrospective cohort study included data about patients (aged ≤19 years) who were diagnosed from 1975 2017 Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results Program (SEER) database. Data analyzed October 2021 2022.Overall vulnerability its subcomponent contributions 15 variables, grouped socioeconomic status (SES; poverty, unemployment, income level, high school diploma status), minority language (ML; minoritized racial ethnic group proficiency English), household composition (HH; members aged ≥65 ≤17 years, disability status, single-parent housing transportation (HT; multiunit structure, mobile homes, crowding, no vehicle, quarters). These ranked scored across all US counties.Regression trends performed continuous measures surveillance survival period discrete advanced staging surgery receipt.A total 37 043 (20 729 [55.9%] 10-19 years; 18 603 [50.2%] male patients; 22 430 [60.6%] White patients) 30 different HNCs SEER had significant relative decreases period, ranging 23.9% for malignant melanomas (mean [SD] duration, lowest vs highest vulnerability: 170 [128] months 129 [88] months) 41.9% non-Hodgkin lymphomas 216 [142] 127 [94] months). SES followed by ML HT vulnerabilities these overall per relative-difference magnitudes (eg, ependymomas choroid plexus tumors: mean 114 [113] 86 [84] months; P < .001). Differences time observed increasing vulnerability, 11.3% tumors survival, 46 [46] 41 [48] = .43) 61.4% gliomas not otherwise specified (NOS) 44 17 [28] .001), SES, HH, being significantly decreased NOS: 42 19 [35] Increased odds lymphoma (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.45) retinoblastomas 1.31; 1.14-1.50) receipt 0.79; 0.69-0.91) rhabdomyosarcomas 0.90; 0.83-0.98) vulnerability.In this HNC, care vulnerability.

Язык: Английский

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An Assessment of Young Adults’ Awareness and Knowledge Related to the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Oropharyngeal Cancer, and the HPV Vaccine

Cancers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 344 - 344

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Background/Objectives: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection that known cause of morbidities such as genital warts and cancers the cervix, anus, oropharynx. Non-cervical HPV-related have been developing problem in North America, increasing incidence by up to 225% some instances over span two decades. Methods: This study investigated levels awareness knowledge HPV, oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), HPV vaccine using self-administered web-based survey designed specifically for this research. University students (n = 1005) aged 18–30 completed 42-item questionnaire included demographic information, questions, series “true/false/I don’t know” questions. Results: data gathered revealed participants had relatively high awareness. However, many respondents significant gaps their OPC, vaccine. Collectively, indicate value vaccination may place younger individuals at risk infections. Conclusions: Although level concerning was observed, suggest further efforts are necessary educate young adults. While all factors cannot be reduced, present guide future directed toward better education on related health concerns associated risks.

Язык: Английский

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HPV vaccination and HPV-related malignancies: impact, strategies and optimizations toward global immunization coverage

Cancer Treatment Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 111, С. 102467 - 102467

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Toxicity Profiles and Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Nonmetastatic Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy vs Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(11), С. e2241538 - e2241538

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2022

Importance Patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) treated radiotherapy often experience substantial toxic effects, even modern techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Intensity-modulated proton (IMPT) has a potential advantage over IMRT due to reduced dose the surrounding organs at risk; however, data are scarce given limited availability and use of IMPT. Objective To compare effects oncologic outcomes among patients newly diagnosed nonmetastatic OPC IMPT vs or without chemotherapy. Design, Setting, Participants This retrospective cohort study included aged 18 years older who received curative-intent single-institution tertiary academic cancer center from January 1, 2018, December 31, 2021, follow-up through 2021. Exposures Main Outcomes Measures The main were incidence acute chronic (present after ≥6 months) treatment-related adverse events (AEs) outcomes, including locoregional recurrence (LRR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall (OS). Fisher exact tests χ 2 used evaluate associations between treatment modality (IMPT IMRT), Kaplan-Meier method was LRR, PFS, OS groups. Results 292 (272 [93%] human papillomavirus [HPV]-p16–positive tumors); 254 (87%) men, 38 (13%) women, median age 64 (IQR, 58-71 years). Fifty-eight (20%) IMPT, 234 (80%) IMRT. Median 26 months 17-36 months). Most (283 [97%]) primary tumor 70 Gy. Fifty-seven (98%) 215 those (92%) had HPV-p16–positive disease. There no significant differences in 3-year (97% 91% IMRT; P = .18), PFS (82% 85% .62), LRR (5% 4% .59). significantly higher for compared oral pain grade greater (42 [72%] 217 &amp;lt; .001), xerostomia (12 [21%] 68 [29%] dysgeusia (16 [28%] 134 [57%] 3 dysphagia (4 [7%] 29 [12%] mucositis (10 [53%] 13 [70%] .003), nausea (0 [0%] [8%] .04), weight loss (22 [37%] 138 [59%] .001). except xerostomia. Four receiving (2%) 0 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube longer than 6 months. Conclusions Relevance In this study, associated toxicity burden IMRT, few favorable only 5% years. Prospective randomized clinical trials comparing these technologies patient-reported warranted.

Язык: Английский

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Testing for Human Papillomaviruses in Urine, Blood, and Oral Specimens: an Update for the Laboratory

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Twelve high-risk alpha human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cause approximately 690,000 cancer cases annually, with cervical and oropharyngeal being the two most prominent types. HPV testing is performed in laboratory settings for various applications of a clinical, epidemiological, research nature using range clinical specimens collected by clinicians or individuals (self-collected specimens).

Язык: Английский

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Oral Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotyping Among a Healthy Adult Population in the US

JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 149(9), С. 783 - 783

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Importance In the US, oropharyngeal cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is most frequent HPV-associated surpassing cervical cancer. However, little known about oral HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in general population. Objective To assess factors associated with HR low-risk infection a US Design, Setting, Participants PROGRESS (Prevalence of Oral Infection, Global Assessment) was cross-sectional observational study conducted between November 2021 March 2022 43 dental offices (24 urban, 13 urban cluster, 6 rural sites), spanning 21 states. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 60 years, visiting clinics for routine examination. Dental used targeted sampling recruit equal distributions men women across age groups. Exposure provided an gargle specimen DNA genotyping completed behavioral questionnaires, dentists reported health status. Detection performed using SPF10/DEIA/LiPA25 system at central laboratory. Main Outcome prevalence. Results Of 3196 enrolled, mean (SD) 39.6 (12.1) 55.5% women. 6.6% (95% CI, 5.7%-7.4%) any genotype, 2.0% 1.5%-2.5%), 0.7% 0.4%-1.0%), 1.5% 1.1%-1.9%) HR, HPV-16, 9-valent-HPV vaccine types, respectively. Among HPV-positive participants, HPV-16 prevalent (12.4% among 8.6% women). Prevalence higher than highest 51 years (16.8%, 6.8%, 2.1% HPV, respectively). Factors included being male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.1; 95% 1.2-8.5), (AOR, 3.3; 1.5-7.3), having 26 or more lifetime sex partners 6.5; 2.3-18.7), 25 female 3.4; 1.3-8.7). Conclusions Relevance this study, burden older who may be risk developing addition age, also sexual behaviors, including increasing number partners.

Язык: Английский

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