Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration

Biomaterials Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2019

In modern-day medicine, nanotechnology and nanoparticles are some of the indispensable tools in disease monitoring therapy. The term "nanomaterials" describes materials with nanoscale dimensions (< 100 nm) broadly classified into natural synthetic nanomaterials. However, "engineered" nanomaterials have received significant attention due to their versatility. Although enormous strides been made research development field nanotechnology, it is often confusing for beginners make an informed choice regarding nanocarrier system its potential applications. Hence, this review, we endeavored briefly explain most commonly used nanomaterials, core properties how surface functionalization would facilitate competent delivery drugs or therapeutic molecules. Similarly, suitability carbon-based like CNT QD has discussed targeted drug siRNA One biggest challenges formulation systems fulfilling targeted/specific delivery, controlling release preventing opsonization. Thus, a different mechanism targeting, role suitable drug-laden fabrication methods augment solubility bioavailability discussed. Additionally, routes administration provide greater understanding biological other barriers impact on transport. overall aim article straightforward perception design, various nanoparticle associated each method.

Язык: Английский

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The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Язык: Английский

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Review on Recent Progress in Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Diverse Applications

Frontiers in Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2021

Diverse applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have revolutionized various sectors in society. In the recent decade, particularly magnetic (MNPs) gained enormous interest owing to their specialized areas such as medicine, cancer theranostics, biosensing, catalysis, agriculture, and environment. Controlled surface engineering for design multi-functional MNPs is vital achieving desired application. The demonstrated great efficacy thermoelectric materials, imaging agents, drug delivery vehicles, biosensors. present review, first we briefly discussed main synthetic methods MNPs, followed by characterizations composition. Then potential different with representative examples. At end, gave an overview on current challenges future prospects MNPs. This comprehensive review not only provides mechanistic insight into synthesis, functionalization, application but also outlines limits prospects.

Язык: Английский

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Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(1), С. 385 - 385

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2020

The field of nanotechnology has grown over the last two decades and made transition from benchtop to applied technologies. Nanoscale-sized particles, or nanoparticles, have emerged as promising tools with broad applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, cosmetics several other biological non-biological areas. These advances lead questions about nanoparticle safety. Despite considerable efforts understand toxicity safety these many are not yet fully answered. Nevertheless, identified approaches minimize prevent promote safer nanotechnology. This review summarizes our current knowledge on their toxic effects, interactions mammalian cells finally minimizing toxicity.

Язык: Английский

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Magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review

Applied Surface Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6, С. 100163 - 100163

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2021

Biomedical applications with emphasis on the design of smart materials, specifically magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered to have technological benefits because they can be manipulated using fields. Magnetic NPs been widely used in hyperthermia, target drug delivery system, imaging, and extraction biomolecules, postulating them also as an important tool cancer treatment. Morphological structures materials drawn tremendous attention from diverse scientific fields due their unique surface chemistry, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, particularly inducible moment. This review features recent research accomplishments made biomedical field nanoparticles. The first part gives a comprehensive overview treatment chronic diseases targeting. second includes role electrochemical, optical-based immunoassays. outlines current challenges future perspectives for fostering advanced high-performance applications.

Язык: Английский

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Biodegradable Polymers as the Pivotal Player in the Design of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(13)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2020

Abstract Biodegradable polymers play a pivotal role in situ tissue engineering. Utilizing various technologies, researchers have been able to fabricate 3D engineering scaffolds using biodegradable polymers. They serve as temporary templates, providing physical and biochemical signals the cells determining successful outcome of remodeling. Furthermore, scaffold also presents fourth dimension for engineering, namely time. The properties polymer change over time, presenting continuously changing features during degradation process. These changes become more complicated when different materials are combined together composite or heterogeneous scaffold. This review undertakes systematic analysis basic characteristics describe recent advances making regenerative medicine. interaction between implanted biomaterials vivo environment discussed, including functional degradable scaffold, local effect on contiguous their evaluation both vitro models.

Язык: Английский

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Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-Based Drug Delivery

Current Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 27(35), С. 5949 - 5969

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2019

Background: Developing a controllable drug delivery system is imperative and important to reduce side effects enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) an emerging class hybrid porous materials built from metal ions or clusters bridged by organic linkers have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing unique physical structures possessed, potential for vast applications. The superior properties MOFs, such as well-defined pore aperture, tailorable composition structure, tunable size, versatile functionality, high agent loading, improved biocompatibility, made them promising candidates hosts. MOFs great interest many very results been found, indicating that these solids exhibit several advantages over existing systems. Objective: This review highlights latest advances synthesis, functionalization, applications delivery, has classified using loading strategies. Finally, challenges future perspectives this research area are also outlined.

Язык: Английский

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Recent progress of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review

Nano Select, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(6), С. 1146 - 1186

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2021

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer tremendous potentialities in biomedical applications for a long while. Since these materials' interactions biological media largely rely on their crystal structures, sizes, and shapes, detailed studies synthesis mechanism medicinal aspects are crucial. Despite many review reports that have already been published MNPs, they mainly focused either perspective or characterization along with functionalization mechanisms as individual entities. For this reason, uncovers comprehensive insight into the ongoing improvement of fabrication processes, surface MNPs together. Besides, various magnetic nanocomposite (MNCs) smart drug delivery, recent hyperthermia treatment, lab‐on‐a‐chip, bio‐separation, some emerging imaging techniques using discussed. A analysis toxicity, challenges, progress clinical trials is sketched out to open numerous entryways advanced research applications.

Язык: Английский

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Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System

Materials, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(3), С. 465 - 465

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2019

Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest in biomedicine, due to their wide range applications. During recent years, one the most challenging goals is development new strategies finely tune unique properties MNPs, order improve effectiveness biomedical field. This review provides an up-to-date overview methods synthesis and functionalization MNPs focusing on Iron Oxide (IONPs). Firstly, for fabricating IONPs different composition, sizes, shapes, structures outlined. We describe close link between physicochemical magnetic characterization, essential developing innovative powerful magnetic-driven nanocarriers. In conclusion, we provide a complete background functionalization, safety, applications treatment Central Nervous System disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Superparamagnetic nanoarchitectures for disease-specific biomarker detection

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 48(24), С. 5717 - 5751

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

Synthesis, bio-functionalization, and multifunctional activities of superparamagnetic-nanostructures have been extensively reviewed with a particular emphasis on their uses in range disease-specific biomarker detection associated challenges.

Язык: Английский

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