Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121(8), С. 4999 - 5041

Опубликована: Март 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Язык: Английский

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Light-Triggered Drug Release from 3D-Printed Magnetic Chitosan Microswimmers

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12(9), С. 9617 - 9625

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2018

Advances in design and fabrication of functional micro/nanomaterials have sparked growing interest creating new mobile microswimmers for various healthcare applications, including local drug other cargo (e.g., gene, stem cell, imaging agent) delivery. Such microswimmer-based delivery is typically passive by diffusion the material from swimmer body; however, controlled active release essential on-demand, precise, effective Here, we propose a magnetically powered, double-helical microswimmer 6 μm diameter 20 length that can on-demand actively chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, using an external light stimulus. We fabricate two-photon-based 3D printing natural polymer derivative chitosan form magnetic nanocomposite. Amino groups presented on are modified with doxorubicin means photocleavable linker. Chitosan imparts biocompatibility biodegradability use biological setting. Controlled steerability shown under 10 mT rotating field. With induction at 365 nm wavelength 3.4 × 10–1 W/cm2 intensity, 60% released within 5 min. Drug ceased patterns induction, so as to adjust desired doses temporal domain. Under physiologically relevant conditions, substantial degradation 204 h nontoxic products. This study presents combination light-triggered powered mobility. approach could be extended similar systems where multiple control schemes needed medical tasks high precision efficiency.

Язык: Английский

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Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(21)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Язык: Английский

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Enzyme-powered Janus platelet cell robots for active and targeted drug delivery

Science Robotics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(43)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2020

Drug-loaded urease-powered Janus cell robots enhance binding efficiency with biological targets and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(5), С. 5365 - 5403

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Язык: Английский

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Controlling the shape of 3D microstructures by temperature and light

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2019

Stimuli-responsive microstructures are critical to create adaptable systems in soft robotics and biosciences. For such applications, the materials must be compatible with aqueous environments enable manufacturing of three-dimensional structures. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) is a well-established polymer, exhibiting substantial response changes temperature close its lower solution temperature. To complex actuation patterns, that react differently respect stimulus required. Here, we introduce functional hetero-microstructures based on pNIPAM. By variation local exposure dose laser lithography, demonstrate material parameters can altered demand single resist formulation. We explore this concept for sophisticated architectures large-amplitude responses. The experimental results consistent numerical calculations, able predict response. Furthermore, spatially controlled achieved by inducing increase two-photon absorption focused light.

Язык: Английский

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Acoustically powered surface-slipping mobile microrobots

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(7), С. 3469 - 3477

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Significance Untethered microrobots have significant applications in medical interventions such as targeted drug delivery. Here, we present an acoustically propelled microrobot that uses a fast and unidirectional surface-slipping locomotion strategy to navigate on both flat curved surfaces. The three-dimensionally microprinted contains trapped spherical air bubble harness acoustic waves for propulsion at incredibly high speeds, up 90 body lengths per second with length of about 25 µm, it can be steered by external magnetic fields. proposed has thrust force two three orders magnitude higher than microorganisms, algae bacteria, which is sufficient navigation inside vascular capillaries blood flow.

Язык: Английский

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Micromotors for environmental applications: a review

Environmental Science Nano, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5(7), С. 1530 - 1544

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Micromotors and the environment: illustrating efficient operation of carbon-based micromotors for water purification.

Язык: Английский

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3D‐Printed Soft Magnetoelectric Microswimmers for Delivery and Differentiation of Neuron‐Like Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(17)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2020

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases generally result in irreversible neuronal damage and death. Cell therapy shows promise as a potential treatment for these diseases. However, the therapeutic targeted delivery of cells situ provision suitable microenvironment their differentiation into functional networks remain challenging. A highly integrated multifunctional soft helical microswimmer featuring cell delivery, on‐demand localized wireless electrostimulation, post‐delivery enzymatic degradation is introduced. The body fabricated by two‐photon lithography photocurable gelatin–methacryloyl (GelMA)‐based hydrogel. then impregnated with composite multiferroic nanoparticles displaying magnetoelectric features (MENPs). While GelMA hydrogel chassis supports growth, degraded enzymes secreted cells, MENPs allow magnetic transportation bioactive chassis, act magnetically mediated electrostimulators neuron‐like cells. unique combination materials makes microswimmers devices that fulfill several requirements future translation to clinical applications, such cargo stimulation, biodegradability. authors envision will inspire new avenues therapies traumatic injuries central nervous system.

Язык: Английский

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