Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121(8), С. 4999 - 5041

Опубликована: Март 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(21)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Язык: Английский

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Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(5), С. 5365 - 5403

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Язык: Английский

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3D printing of functional microrobots

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 50(4), С. 2794 - 2838

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

3D printing can enable the customized design and fabrication of microrobots for a wide range functional applications.

Язык: Английский

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A review of size-dependent continuum mechanics models for micro- and nano-structures

Thin-Walled Structures, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 170, С. 108562 - 108562

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Engineering Hydrogel‐Based Biomedical Photonics: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(23)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2021

Light guiding and manipulation in photonics have become ubiquitous events ranging from everyday communications to complex robotics nanomedicine. The speed sensitivity of light-matter interactions offer unprecedented advantages biomedical optics, data transmission, photomedicine, detection multi-scale phenomena. Recently, hydrogels emerged as a promising candidate for interfacing bioengineering by combining their light-guiding properties with live tissue compatibility optical, chemical, physiological, mechanical dimensions. Herein, the latest progress over hydrogel its applications guidance light is reviewed. Physics through living tissues, existing technical challenges translating these tools into settings are discussed. A comprehensive thorough overview materials, fabrication protocols, design architectures used provided. Finally, recent examples applying structures such optical fibers, photonic constructs, use light-driven robots, photomedicine tools, organ-on-a-chip models described. By providing critical selective evaluation field's status, this work sets foundation next generation research.

Язык: Английский

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Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It imperative develop novel more sensitive effective therapeutic methods for treatments. The development new treatments has become crucial aspect medical advancements. Nanobots, as one the most promising applications nanomedicines, are at forefront multidisciplinary research. With progress nanotechnology, nanobots enable assembly deployment functional molecular/nanosized machines increasingly being utilized in treatment. In recent years, various practical have transitioned from theory practice, vitro experiments vivo applications. this paper, we review analyze advancements treatments, with particular emphasis on their key fundamental features drug delivery, tumor sensing diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, other comprehensive At same time, discuss challenges potential research opportunities revolutionizing future, expected sophisticated capable performing multiple functions tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines bloodstream.

Язык: Английский

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Intelligent Micro‐/Nanorobots for Cancer Theragnostic

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(52)

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022

Cancer is one of the most intractable diseases owing to its high mortality rate and lack effective diagnostic treatment tools. Advancements in micro-/nanorobot (MNR)-assisted sensing, imaging, therapeutics offer unprecedented opportunities develop MNR-based cancer theragnostic platforms. Unlike ordinary nanoparticles, which exhibit Brownian motion biofluids, MNRs overcome viscous resistance an ultralow Reynolds number (Re << 1) environment by self-propulsion. This unique locomotion property has motivated advanced design functionalization as a basis for next-generation cancer-therapy platforms, potential precise distribution improved permeation therapeutic agents. Enhanced barrier penetration, imaging-guided operation, biosensing are additionally studied enable promising cancer-related applications MNRs. Herein, recent advances therapy comprehensively addresses, including actuation engines, diagnostics, medical targeted drug delivery; research that can have profound impact on over next decade highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Lighting up Micro-/Nanorobots with Fluorescence

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 123(7), С. 3944 - 3975

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Micro-/nanorobots (MNRs) can be autonomously propelled on demand in complex biological environments and thus may bring revolutionary changes to biomedicines. Fluorescence has been widely used real-time imaging, chemo-/biosensing, photo-(chemo-) therapy. The integration of MNRs with fluorescence generates fluorescent unique advantages optical trackability, on-the-fly environmental sensitivity, targeting chemo-/photon-induced cytotoxicity. This review provides an up-to-date overview MNRs. After the highlighted elucidation about various propulsion mechanisms introductory information emphasis materials, we systematically illustrate design preparation strategies integrate substances their biomedical applications imaging-guided drug delivery, intelligent sensing In end, summarize main challenges provide outlook future directions work is expected attract inspire researchers from different communities advance creation practical application a broad horizon.

Язык: Английский

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Scale-reconfigurable miniature ferrofluidic robots for negotiating sharply variable spaces

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(37)

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2022

Magnetic miniature soft robots have shown great potential for facilitating biomedical applications by minimizing invasiveness and possible physical damage. However, researchers mainly focused on fixed-size robots, with their active locomotion accessible only when the cross-sectional dimension of these confined spaces is comparable to that robot. Here, we realize scale-reconfigurable ferrofluidic (SMFRs) based ferrofluid droplets propose a series control strategies reconfiguring SMFR's scale deformation achieve trans-scale motion designing multiscale magnetic robot actuation (M3RA) system. The results showed SMFRs, varying from centimeters few micrometers, leveraged diverse capabilities, such as in structured environments, squeeze through gaps, even reversible reconfiguration navigating sharply variable spaces. A system capabilities combined promising be applied future wireless medical inside regions human body.

Язык: Английский

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