Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
34(6)
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023
Abstract
Captured
by
the
remarkable
environmental/economic
value,
recycling
spent
LiFePO
4
has
attracted
numerous
attention.
However,
restricted
diverse
failure
mechanisms
and
different
particle‐sizes/active‐sites,
strategies
still
suffer
from
uneven
repairing
results
poor
accessibility.
For
promoting
their
application
in
commercial
systems,
uniform
physical‐chemical
properties
are
urgent
for
regenerated
samples.
Herein,
tailoring
oxidation‐reduction
manners,
homogeneous
cathode
materials
can
be
prepared,
displaying
particle
size
restored
lattice.
The
capacity
of
as‐optimized
samples
kept
≈141.5
mAh
g
−1
at
1.0
C,
137
with
a
retention
92%
after
300
cycles
2.0
C.
After
Kg‐scale
experiments,
pouch
full‐cell
(LFP‐500
vs
recovered
graphite)
delivers
≈4200
capacity,
considerable
cycling
stability
(retention
96.83%,
500
loops).
Importantly,
detailed
mechanism
oxidation/reduction‐conditions
is
investigated,
especially
lattice
reconstitution
ions‐
diffusion
behaviors.
Supported
kinetic
analysis
DFT
calculations,
fascinating
LFP‐500
further
proved,
mainly
derived
accelerated
Li‐diffusion
Compared
to
traditional
recovering
oxidation/reduction
process
displays
low
cost,
energy‐consumption,
pollution,
accompanied
large‐scale
potential.
Given
this,
this
work
anticipated
illustrate
in‐depth
lattice‐reconstruction,
while
offering
significant
homogenized
regeneration.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(5), С. 2839 - 2887
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
The
popularity
of
portable
electronic
devices
and
electric
vehicles
has
led
to
the
drastically
increasing
consumption
lithium-ion
batteries
recently,
raising
concerns
about
disposal
recycling
spent
batteries.
However,
rate
worldwide
at
present
is
extremely
low.
Many
factors
limit
promotion
battery
rate:
outdated
technology
most
critical
one.
Existing
metallurgy-based
methods
rely
on
continuous
decomposition
extraction
steps
with
high-temperature
roasting/acid
leaching
processes
many
chemical
reagents.
These
are
tedious
worse
economic
feasibility,
products
mostly
alloys
or
salts,
which
can
only
be
used
as
precursors.
To
simplify
process
improve
benefits,
novel
in
urgent
demand,
direct
recycling/regeneration
therefore
proposed
a
next-generation
method.
Herein,
comprehensive
review
origin,
current
status,
prospect
provided.
We
have
systematically
analyzed
summarized
their
limitations,
pointing
out
necessity
developing
methods.
A
detailed
analysis
for
discussions
advantages,
obstacles
conducted.
Guidance
future
toward
large-scale
industrialization
well
green
efficient
systems
also
ACS Energy Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(11), С. 4903 - 4914
Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2023
The
utilization
of
high-voltage
Ni-rich
cathodes
can
cost-effectively
push
lithium-ion
batteries
toward
higher
energy
density
but
suffers
from
major
challenges
with
severe
structural
and
interfacial
degradation
compromised
thermal
robustness.
Herein,
a
multifunctional
modification
strategy
(i.e.,
gradient
engineering
surface
lattice
modulation)
is
rationally
devised
to
establish
chemomechanically
reliable
single-crystal
boracic
polyanion-doped
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2
(B-NCM)
cathode
that
operates
stably
under
high
voltage
(≥4.5
V
vs
Li/Li+).
It
found
introduction
boron-based
polyanion
into
could
form
boron–polyanion
gradient-doped
structure
disordered
layer
phase
on
the
NCM
particles,
further
inhibiting
parasitic
reactions
irreversible
transition.
As
result,
B-NCM
cells
demonstrate
capacity
retention
88.5%
after
200
cycles
at
4.5
stable
operation
60
°C.
current
employing
disorder
affords
an
effective
facile
approach
boost
development
beyond.
The
development
of
advanced
layered
Ni-rich
cathodes
is
essential
for
high-energy
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs).
However,
the
prevalent
are
still
plagued
by
inherent
issues
chemomechanical
and
thermal
instabilities
limited
cycle
life.
For
this,
here,
we
introduce
an
efficient
approach
combining
single-crystalline
(SC)
design
with
in
situ
high-entropy
(HE)
doping
to
engineer
ultrahigh-Ni
cobalt-free
cathode
LiNi
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(23)
Опубликована: Март 27, 2024
Abstract
The
rapid
growth
of
electric
vehicle
use
is
expected
to
cause
a
significant
environmental
problem
in
the
next
few
years
due
large
number
spent
lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs).
Recycling
LIBs
will
not
only
alleviate
problems
but
also
address
challenge
limited
natural
resources
shortages.
While
several
hydro‐
and
pyrometallurgical
processes
are
developed
for
recycling
different
components
batteries,
direct
regeneration
presents
clear
environmental,
economic
advantages.
principle
approach
restoring
electrochemical
performance
by
healing
defective
structure
materials.
Thus,
development
technology
largely
depends
on
formation
mechanism
defects
LIBs.
This
review
systematically
details
degradation
mechanisms
types
found
diverse
cathode
materials,
graphite
anodes,
current
collectors
during
battery's
lifecycle.
Building
this
understanding,
principles
methodologies
directly
rejuvenating
materials
within
outlined.
Also
main
challenges
solutions
large‐scale
proposed.
Furthermore,
aims
pave
way
discarded
offering
theoretical
foundation
practical
guidance.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(24)
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024
Abstract
The
P2‐type
layered
transition
metal
oxide
cathodes
confront
formidable
challenges,
including
irreversible
deleterious
phase
transitions,
metals
migration,
and
sluggish
Na
+
diffusion
kinetics,
which
hamper
their
rapid
commercial
application
in
sodium
ion
batteries
(SIB).
In
this
work,
an
entropy
tuning
with
dual‐site
substitution
strategy
is
proposed
to
address
the
aforementioned
issues.
tailored
[Na
0.67
Zn
0.05
]Ni
0.22
Cu
0.06
Mn
0.66
Ti
0.01
O
2
(NZNCMTO)
cathodes,
strategic
incorporation
of
ions
serves
occupy
sites,
intentionally
disrupting
Na/vacancy
ordering
establishing
a
reinforcing
“pillar”
effect
within
framework.
Furthermore,
for
Ni
bolsters
covalent
bonding
lattice
oxygen,
thereby
impeding
migration
leading
near‐zero
strain
structural
evolution
during
charge
discharge
process.
Density
functional
theory
calculations
confirmed
that
entropy‐tuned
NZNCMTO
substantially
lowered
energy
barrier
improved
electronic
conductivity.
Consequently,
cathode
exhibits
impressive
high
practical
capacity
91.54
mAh
g
−1
at
rate
10
C,
along
outstanding
cycling
stability,
maintaining
near
100%
retention
over
500
cycles
current
density
C.
This
work
presents
innovative
blueprint
designing
high‐performance
sodium‐ion
battery
materials.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
36(5)
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023
Abstract
Lithium
iron
phosphate
(LiFePO
4
,
LFP)
batteries
are
extensively
used
in
electric
vehicles
and
energy
storage
due
to
their
good
cycling
stability
safety.
However,
the
finite
service
life
of
lithium‐ion
leads
significant
amounts
retired
LFP
batteries,
urgently
required
be
recycled
by
environmentally
friendly
effective
methods.
Here,
a
direct
regeneration
strategy
using
natural
low‐cost
L‐threonine
as
multifunctional
reductant
is
proposed.
The
hydroxyl
groups
amino
act
electron
donors
nitrogen
sources,
respectively.
reductive
environment
created
not
only
aids
converting
degraded
FePO
phase
back
single
but
also
facilitates
elimination
detrimental
Li–Fe
anti‐site
defects;
thus,
reconstructing
fast
Li
+
diffusion
channels.
Meanwhile,
N
atoms
derived
from
able
dope
into
carbon
layers,
generating
more
active
sites
enhancing
conductive
properties
particles.
regenerated
shows
great
electrochemical
performance
with
discharge
capacity
147.9
mAh
g
−1
at
1
C
retention
86%
after
500
cycles
5
C.
Further,
this
approach
feasible
for
black
mass
sourced
practical
industrial
dismantling
lines,
providing
considerable
prospects
large‐scale
recycling
batteries.
Recycling
cathode
materials
from
spent
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
is
critical
to
a
sustainable
society
as
it
will
relief
valuable
but
scarce
recourse
crises
and
reduce
environment
burdens
simultaneously.
Different
conventional
hydrometallurgical
pyrometallurgical
recycling
methods,
direct
regeneration
relies
on
non-destructive
cathode-to-cathode
mode,
therefore,
more
time
energy-saving
along
with
an
increased
economic
return
reduced
CO
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(23)
Опубликована: Март 5, 2024
The
direct
recycling
of
cathode
materials
in
lithium-ion
batteries
is
important
for
environmental
protection
and
resource
conservation.
key
regeneration
processes
are
composition
replenishment
atom
rearrangement,
both
which
depend
on
the
migration
diffusion
atoms.
However,
degraded
LiNi
