Large‐Scale and Homogenized Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Recycling: Reconstruction of Targeted Lattice DOI

Zihao Zeng,

Panpan Xu, Jiexiang Li

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Captured by the remarkable environmental/economic value, recycling spent LiFePO 4 has attracted numerous attention. However, restricted diverse failure mechanisms and different particle‐sizes/active‐sites, strategies still suffer from uneven repairing results poor accessibility. For promoting their application in commercial systems, uniform physical‐chemical properties are urgent for regenerated samples. Herein, tailoring oxidation‐reduction manners, homogeneous cathode materials can be prepared, displaying particle size restored lattice. The capacity of as‐optimized samples kept ≈141.5 mAh g −1 at 1.0 C, 137 with a retention 92% after 300 cycles 2.0 C. After Kg‐scale experiments, pouch full‐cell (LFP‐500 vs recovered graphite) delivers ≈4200 capacity, considerable cycling stability (retention 96.83%, 500 loops). Importantly, detailed mechanism oxidation/reduction‐conditions is investigated, especially lattice reconstitution ions‐ diffusion behaviors. Supported kinetic analysis DFT calculations, fascinating LFP‐500 further proved, mainly derived accelerated Li‐diffusion Compared to traditional recovering oxidation/reduction process displays low cost, energy‐consumption, pollution, accompanied large‐scale potential. Given this, this work anticipated illustrate in‐depth lattice‐reconstruction, while offering significant homogenized regeneration.

Language: Английский

Toward Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Next-Generation Recycling Method DOI
Junxiong Wang, Jun Ma, Zhaofeng Zhuang

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(5), P. 2839 - 2887

Published: March 1, 2024

The popularity of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to the drastically increasing consumption lithium-ion batteries recently, raising concerns about disposal recycling spent batteries. However, rate worldwide at present is extremely low. Many factors limit promotion battery rate: outdated technology most critical one. Existing metallurgy-based methods rely on continuous decomposition extraction steps with high-temperature roasting/acid leaching processes many chemical reagents. These are tedious worse economic feasibility, products mostly alloys or salts, which can only be used as precursors. To simplify process improve benefits, novel in urgent demand, direct recycling/regeneration therefore proposed a next-generation method. Herein, comprehensive review origin, current status, prospect provided. We have systematically analyzed summarized their limitations, pointing out necessity developing methods. A detailed analysis for discussions advantages, obstacles conducted. Guidance future toward large-scale industrialization well green efficient systems also

Language: Английский

Citations

137
Gradient Boracic Polyanion Doping-Derived Surface Lattice Modulation of High-Voltage Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes for High-Energy-Density Li-Ion Batteries DOI

Fangkun Li,

Zhengbo Liu,

Caijian Liao

et al.

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 4903 - 4914

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The utilization of high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes can cost-effectively push lithium-ion batteries toward higher energy density but suffers from major challenges with severe structural and interfacial degradation compromised thermal robustness. Herein, a multifunctional modification strategy (i.e., gradient engineering surface lattice modulation) is rationally devised to establish chemomechanically reliable single-crystal boracic polyanion-doped LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (B-NCM) cathode that operates stably under high voltage (≥4.5 V vs Li/Li+). It found introduction boron-based polyanion into could form boron–polyanion gradient-doped structure disordered layer phase on the NCM particles, further inhibiting parasitic reactions irreversible transition. As result, B-NCM cells demonstrate capacity retention 88.5% after 200 cycles at 4.5 stable operation 60 °C. current employing disorder affords an effective facile approach boost development beyond.

Language: Английский

Citations

69
High-entropy doping promising ultrahigh-Ni Co-free single-crystalline cathode toward commercializable high-energy lithium-ion batteries DOI Creative Commons
Longwei Liang,

Maoshui Su,

Zhefei Sun

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(25)

Published: June 21, 2024

The development of advanced layered Ni-rich cathodes is essential for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the prevalent are still plagued by inherent issues chemomechanical and thermal instabilities limited cycle life. For this, here, we introduce an efficient approach combining single-crystalline (SC) design with in situ high-entropy (HE) doping to engineer ultrahigh-Ni cobalt-free cathode LiNi

Language: Английский

Citations

68
Degradation Mechanisms of Electrodes Promotes Direct Regeneration of Spent Li‐Ion Batteries: A Review DOI
Kai Jia, Guorui Yang,

Yujia He

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(23)

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract The rapid growth of electric vehicle use is expected to cause a significant environmental problem in the next few years due large number spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Recycling LIBs will not only alleviate problems but also address challenge limited natural resources shortages. While several hydro‐ and pyrometallurgical processes are developed for recycling different components batteries, direct regeneration presents clear environmental, economic advantages. principle approach restoring electrochemical performance by healing defective structure materials. Thus, development technology largely depends on formation mechanism defects LIBs. This review systematically details degradation mechanisms types found diverse cathode materials, graphite anodes, current collectors during battery's lifecycle. Building this understanding, principles methodologies directly rejuvenating materials within outlined. Also main challenges solutions large‐scale proposed. Furthermore, aims pave way discarded offering theoretical foundation practical guidance.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Entropy Tuning Stabilizing P2‐Type Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries DOI
Jie Liu, Weiyuan Huang, Renbin Liu

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(24)

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Abstract The P2‐type layered transition metal oxide cathodes confront formidable challenges, including irreversible deleterious phase transitions, metals migration, and sluggish Na + diffusion kinetics, which hamper their rapid commercial application in sodium ion batteries (SIB). In this work, an entropy tuning with dual‐site substitution strategy is proposed to address the aforementioned issues. tailored [Na 0.67 Zn 0.05 ]Ni 0.22 Cu 0.06 Mn 0.66 Ti 0.01 O 2 (NZNCMTO) cathodes, strategic incorporation of ions serves occupy sites, intentionally disrupting Na/vacancy ordering establishing a reinforcing “pillar” effect within framework. Furthermore, for Ni bolsters covalent bonding lattice oxygen, thereby impeding migration leading near‐zero strain structural evolution during charge discharge process. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that entropy‐tuned NZNCMTO substantially lowered energy barrier improved electronic conductivity. Consequently, cathode exhibits impressive high practical capacity 91.54 mAh g −1 at rate 10 C, along outstanding cycling stability, maintaining near 100% retention over 500 cycles current density C. This work presents innovative blueprint designing high‐performance sodium‐ion battery materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
A Multifunctional Amino Acid Enables Direct Recycling of Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Material DOI
Di Tang, Guanjun Ji, Junxiong Wang

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(5)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Abstract Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles and energy storage due to their good cycling stability safety. However, the finite service life of lithium‐ion leads significant amounts retired LFP batteries, urgently required be recycled by environmentally friendly effective methods. Here, a direct regeneration strategy using natural low‐cost L‐threonine as multifunctional reductant is proposed. The hydroxyl groups amino act electron donors nitrogen sources, respectively. reductive environment created not only aids converting degraded FePO phase back single but also facilitates elimination detrimental Li–Fe anti‐site defects; thus, reconstructing fast Li + diffusion channels. Meanwhile, N atoms derived from able dope into carbon layers, generating more active sites enhancing conductive properties particles. regenerated shows great electrochemical performance with discharge capacity 147.9 mAh g −1 at 1 C retention 86% after 500 cycles 5 C. Further, this approach feasible for black mass sourced practical industrial dismantling lines, providing considerable prospects large‐scale recycling batteries.

Language: Английский

Citations

46
Direct Regenerating Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries DOI Creative Commons

Yuanqi Lan,

Xinke Li,

Guangmin Zhou

et al.

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Recycling cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical to a sustainable society as it will relief valuable but scarce recourse crises and reduce environment burdens simultaneously. Different conventional hydrometallurgical pyrometallurgical recycling methods, direct regeneration relies on non-destructive cathode-to-cathode mode, therefore, more time energy-saving along with an increased economic return reduced CO

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in view of graphite recovery: A review DOI
Zhen Shang, Wenhao Yu, Jiahui Zhou

et al.

eTransportation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 100320 - 100320

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Fast Li Replenishment Channels‐Assisted Recycling of Degraded Layered Cathodes with Enhanced Cycling Performance and Thermal Stability DOI
Zhaofeng Zhuang, Junfeng Li, Haocheng Ji

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(23)

Published: March 5, 2024

The direct recycling of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries is important for environmental protection and resource conservation. key regeneration processes are composition replenishment atom rearrangement, both which depend on the migration diffusion atoms. However, degraded LiNi

Language: Английский

Citations

29
A review of direct recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries DOI
Yang Cao, Junfeng Li, Haocheng Ji

et al.

Energy storage materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 103475 - 103475

Published: May 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

29