Environmental Impact Assessment of LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ Hydrometallurgical Cathode Recycling from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(30), С. 9798 - 9810

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

The global demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has witnessed an unprecedented increase during the last decade and is expected to do so in future. Although service life of could be expanded using Circular Economy approaches such as repair or remanufacture, will inevitably become a huge waste stream electric vehicles gain popularity. Battery recycling reintroduces end-of-life materials back into economic cycle prevents landfill scenarios. reclamation from spent general, cathodes particular, reduces pressure over finite critical raw cobalt, nickel, lithium, manganese avoids severe heavy metal contamination issues associated with battery disposal. To establish sustainable battery-recycling industry, environmental impact assessment cathode-recycling urgently needed. Accordingly, life-cycle methodology applied quantify compare impacts nine hydrometallurgical laboratory-scale LIB processes 18 indicators warming potential. LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode selected given its predominant market share among vehicles. Hydrometallurgical based on inorganic acid-leaching (hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric acids), alkali-leaching (ammonia/sodium sulfite), organic leachates (citric, formic, lactic bio-leaching are analyzed. Scaling up 1 kg cathode, values 25.1 95.2 kg·CO2-equiv per recycled obtained. HCl H2SO4/H2O2 autotrophic process preferred lower greenhouse gas emissions toxicity- resource-related potential impacts. choice chemicals, energy consumption, more importantly, material efficiency emerge cornerstones achieve environmentally processes. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates reduce by transitioning renewable mix, reaching value 5.01 kg·CO2-equiv·kgcathode–1. These results provide guidance toward further optimization through eco-design approaches, securing long-term sustainability LIBs.

Язык: Английский

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Suitable Cathode NMP Replacement for Efficient Sustainable Printed Li-Ion Batteries

ACS Applied Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(4), С. 4047 - 4058

Опубликована: Март 29, 2022

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is the most common solvent for manufacturing cathode electrodes in battery industry; however, it becoming restricted several countries due to its negative environmental impact. Taking into account that ∼99% of used during electrode fabrication recovered, dimethylformamide (DMF) a considerable candidate replace NMP. The lower boiling point and higher ignition temperature DMF lead significant reduction energy consumption needed drying improve safety production process. Additionally, surface tension viscosity enable improved current collector wetting concentrations solid material slurry. To verify suitability as replacement NMP, we utilized screen printing, method provides roll-to-roll compatibility while allowing controlled deposition creation sophisticated patterns. systems NMC (LiNi x Mn y Co z O2) chemistry two configurations: NMC523 NMC88. first, well-established NCM523, was reference, NMC88 demonstrate potential proposed with high-capacity materials. cathodes were create coin pouch cell batteries cycled 1000 times. achieved results indicate can successfully NMP process without compromising performance. Specifically, both blade-coated screen-printed retained 87 90% their capacity after (1C/1C) cycles NMC88, respectively. modeling utilizing low-boiling-point instead reduce fourfold, resulting more environmentally friendly

Язык: Английский

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Opportunities and challenges in using particle circulation loops for concentrated solar power applications

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94, С. 101056 - 101056

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Closing gaps in LCA of lithium-ion batteries: LCA of lab-scale cell production with new primary data

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 384, С. 135510 - 135510

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022

Battery storage systems have become an important pillar in the transformation of energy and transportation sector over last decades. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are dominating technology this process making them a constant subject analysis regarding their sustainability. To assess environmental performance, several Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) LIBs been performed years. Yet, amount available primary data on production remains low, leading to recurrent reliance few disclosed datasets, mostly at industrial scale. Thus, there is need for new LCA studies different scales (lab, pilot, industrial) using transparent datasets facilitate more reliable robust assessments. This work presents screening recent assessments aiming identifying remaining gaps challenges, deriving detailed lab-scale battery cell production. For first time impact based process-oriented investigated. The results flanked by sensitivity analyses scenarios compared with literature values. hotspots identified study, cathode slurry, anode current collector, as well demand dry room coating process, consistent literature, although absolute values order magnitude larger. main reason inefficiencies inherent In analyze effects scale, upscaling pilot scale performed.

Язык: Английский

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Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles: a systematic review of literature

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(1), С. 73 - 89

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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