Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 58(11), С. 3285 - 3299

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2018

Abstract In recent years, the application of mechanical energy to chemical systems has repeatedly proven beneficial facilitate transformations in various areas chemistry. Today, a systematic body evidence indicates that mechanochemistry holds great promise become game‐changer synthesis. Not only does permit access products are inaccessible by established means (e.g. purely thermal activation), mechanochemical reactions often outperform their solution‐based counterparts terms sustainability. Most carried out ball milling techniques involve solids and liquids, but number with gaseous reactants is increasing. The aim this Minireview provide an overview involving samples highlight advances technology for safe handling reagents. Examples proceeding at interface solid–/liquid–/gas–gas led significant improvements reactivity or selectivity will also be highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Metal-Mediated and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions Under Mechanochemical Conditions

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(15), С. 8344 - 8394

Опубликована: Май 27, 2020

The extraordinary impact of metal-based complexes on synthetic methods is still recognized nowadays, and attempts are currently undertaken to further extend the use metal-assisted chemistry environmentally friendly processes within strongly invoked green paradigm. In recent years, mechanochemistry seems provide attractive responses with processing having origins lost in mists time. Focusing panorama organic synthesis, this Review highlights some recently developed mechanochemical reactions introduce reader into fascinating, quite unexplored world mechanochemistry.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanochemical Cross-Coupling Reactions

Trends in Chemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(12), С. 1066 - 1081

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Metal‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Indoles

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 363(11), С. 2723 - 2739

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2021

Abstract Indole is one of the most important heterocycles in organic synthesis, natural products, and drug discovery. Recently, tremendous advances selective functionalization indoles have been reported. Although powered by transition metal catalysis, exceedingly useful methods absence metals also In this review, we provide an overview reactions that published last years with a focus on recent advances, aims, future trends. The review organized positional selectivity type used for functionalization. particular, discuss major transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H at classical C2/C3 positions, remote C4/C7 cross‐coupling, transition‐metal‐free magnified image

Язык: Английский

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Recent Progress in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2024

Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds have found wide application in modern organic chemistry as environmentally friendly reagents and catalysts. iodine are commonly used synthetically important halogenations, oxidations, aminations, heterocyclizations, various oxidative functionalizations of substrates. Iodonium salts arylating reagents, while iodonium ylides imides excellent carbene nitrene precursors. Various derivatives benziodoxoles, such azidobenziodoxoles, trifluoromethylbenziodoxoles, alkynylbenziodoxoles, alkenylbenziodoxoles group transfer the presence transition metal catalysts, under metal-free conditions, or using photocatalysts photoirradiation conditions. Development hypervalent catalytic systems discovery highly enantioselective reactions chiral represent a particularly recent achievement field chemistry. Chemical transformations promoted by many cases unique cannot be performed any other common, non-iodine-based reagent. This review covers literature published mainly last 7-8 years, between 2016 2024.

Язык: Английский

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Gold and hypervalent iodine(iii): liaisons over a decade for electrophilic functional group transfer reactions

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 56(18), С. 2677 - 2690

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Over the last two decades, hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents have evolved from being 'bonding curiosities' to mainstream in organic synthesis, particular, electrophilic functional group transfer reactions. In this context, gold catalysts not only emerged as a unique toolbox facilitate such reactions (especially alkynylations) but also opened new possibilities with their different modes of reactivities for other (acetoxylations and arylations). This feature article critically summarizes hitherto all Au-catalyzed reagents, emphasizing mechanistic aspects.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free Catalytic C−H Methylation

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 60(12), С. 6660 - 6666

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020

The mechanochemical, solvent-free, highly regioselective, rhodium-catalyzed C-H methylation of (hetero)arenes is reported. reaction shows excellent functional-group compatibility and demonstrated to work for the late-stage biologically active compounds. method requires no external heating benefits from considerably shorter times than previous solution-based protocols. Additionally, mechanochemical approach shown enable efficient synthesis organometallic complexes that are difficult generate conventionally.

Язык: Английский

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Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct C4‐ and C7‐Selective Alkynylation of Indoles Using Sulfur‐Directing Groups

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 58(29), С. 9856 - 9860

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Abstract Indoles and their analogues have been one of the most ubiquitous heterocycles during past century, extensive studies conducted to establish practical synthetic methods for derivatives. In particular, selective functionalization poorly reactive benzenoid core over pyrrole ring has a great challenge. Reported herein is an iridium‐catalyzed direct alkynylation indole C4‐ C7‐positions with assistance sulfur directing groups. This transformation shows wide range functional‐group tolerance exceptional site selectivity. The group can be either easily removed or transformed after catalysis. utility alkyne fragment demonstrated by derivatization into structure natural alkaloids.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanochemical Organocatalysis: Do High Enantioselectivities Contradict What We Might Expect?

ChemSusChem, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2021

Ball mills input energy to samples by pulverising the contents of jar. Each impact on sample or wall jar results in an instantaneous transmission form a temperature and pressure increase (volume reduction). Conversely, enantioselective organocatalytic reactions proceed through perceived delicate well-organised transition states. Does there exist dichotomy idea mechanochemical organocatalysis? This Review provides survey literature reporting combination with ball milling conditions. Where possible, direct comparisons stirred solution, neat milled processes are drawn particular focus control stereoselectivity.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategic Access to Pharmaceuticals

European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022(8)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Abstract In the pursuit of clean pharmaceutical production, chemists in medicinal industry require access to new sustainable methodologies reduce and even eliminate pollution, which is mainly produced by overuse organic solvents during chemical synthesis active ingredients (APIs). this context, solvent‐free/less mechanochemical functionalization small molecules has gradually emerged as a powerful strategy for green modification APIs, bioactive compounds, functional materials. review, we present an overview C−X/C−H applications chemistry, involving cross‐coupling, cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, oxidative coupling (via C−H activation pathway), direct radical pathway) key steps preparation APIs compounds.

Язык: Английский

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