Phototherapy: progress, challenges, and opportunities

Science China Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Intracellular Photocatalytic NADH/NAD(P)H Oxidation for Cancer Drug Development

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 147(9), С. 7161 - 7181

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Photocatalytic cancer therapy (PCT) has emerged as a cutting-edge anticancer mechanism of action, harnessing light energy to mediate the catalytic oxidation intracellular substrates. PCT is significant current importance due its potential address limitations conventional chemotherapy, particularly drug resistance and side effects. This approach offers noninvasive, targeted treatment option by utilizing metal-based photocatalysts induce redox metabolic disorders within cells. The disrupt cell metabolism converting NADH/NAD(P)H NAD+/NAD(P)+ via photoredox processes, altering NAD+/NADH or NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H ratios, which are crucial for cellular metabolism. Ir(III), Ru(II), Re(I), Os(II) demonstrated promising efficacy. Despite these developments, gaps remain in literature translating this new into clinical trials. Perspective critically examines developments research area provides future directions designing efficient PCT.

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging the Photofunctions of Transition Metal Complexes for the Design of Innovative Phototherapeutics

Small Methods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(11)

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

Abstract Despite the advent of various medical interventions for cancer treatment, disease continues to pose a formidable global health challenge, necessitating development new therapeutic approaches more effective treatment outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes light activate photosensitizer produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) eradicating cells, has emerged as promising approach due its high spatiotemporal precision and minimal invasiveness. However, widespread clinical use PDT faces several challenges, including inefficient production ROS in hypoxic tumor microenvironment, limited penetration depth biological tissues, inadequate accumulation photosensitizers at site. Over past decade, there been increasing interest utilization photofunctional transition metal complexes applications their intriguing photophysical photochemical properties. This review provides an overview current design strategies used innovative phototherapeutics, aiming address limitations associated with achieve The challenges future perspectives on translation are also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Advanced strategies in the design of Ir(III) biscyclometalated complexes for PDT

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 534, С. 216572 - 216572

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Luminescence of Platinum Complexes in the Near Infrared Second Window

ChemPhotoChem, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

The near infrared (NIR) optical window enables to observe biological tissue noninvasively through photoimaging using luminophores. Particularly, the light in NIR II region of 1000–1400 nm between strong absorption bands H 2 O and chromophores is advantageous for phototherapies deep tissue. Pt complexes possessing high emission ability luminescence tunability are expected be luminophores imaging photosensitizers photodynamic therapy. Herein, from designed by strategy extension ligand π conjugation aggregation Pt–Pt interaction recent works reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Homo- and Hetero-Multinuclear Iridium(III) Complexes with Cytotoxic Activity

Inorganics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(5), С. 156 - 156

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Towards the efforts to expand bioactivity and reduce toxic adverse properties of known metal-based drugs, various multinuclear complexes have recently been studied. They shown enhancement target specificity selectivity. Different from small organic compounds traditional with anticancer activity, iridium(III) or heteronuclear metallodrugs confirmed potential advantages due their unique biological chemical diversities, better activity different mechanisms. Ir(III) coordination compounds, similar most Pt group are excessive interest because cytotoxic effective cellular uptake tolerance by healthy cells. Although mononuclear complex extensively studied as promising candidates for antitumor application, research on antineoplastic homo- hetero-multinuclear is not abundant; nevertheless, intensive investigations conducted in recent years towards developing that anticipated improved therapeutic biotarget Multimetallic frameworks offered interesting possibilities designing new agents exploiting action metal cations at same time. This method was very successful design cyclometalated half-sandwich organometallic compounds. In described background, many homonuclear estimated exposed cancer therapy. review intends summarize newly reported innovative Ir(III)-based afford a wide-ranging overview current development perspectives practical impact these tumor therapy field. It this analysis will provide significant direction further progress active iridium-based agents.

Язык: Английский

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A Novel Platinum(IV) Prodrug, Gramine-Pt(IV) Enhances Chemoimmunotherapy by activating cGAS-STING and modulating TGF-β-MHC-I axis

Drug Resistance Updates, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 81, С. 101252 - 101252

Опубликована: Май 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Metalla-Aromatic Oligomers: Efficient Photocatalytic Activation for Phototherapy

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2025

Monodisperse oligomers, positioned as intermediates between polymers and small molecules, retain certain reactivities of molecules while simultaneously displaying the initial aggregation characteristics polymers. This distinctive structure bestows on them with significant potential for a wide range applications. In this study, series carbolong osmium oligomers (Os1-Os4) corresponding polymer were evaluated photocatalysts. It was discovered that their molar absorption coefficients reactive oxygen species generation rose π-conjugation length, peaking at polymerization degree 4. Moreover, Os4 facilitates photocatalytic oxidation nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to its oxided form, NAD+. vitro experiments demonstrated had strongest phototoxicity index in cells hypoxic conditions, highlighting efficacy tumor. Metabolomic analyses indicated exerted photocytotoxicity by disrupting purine metabolism. These insights will guide future design π-conjugated metal advancing

Язык: Английский

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Dinuclear Ir(III)-Oligomer as a Sunlight-Driven Hydroxyl Radical Generator for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2025

An interesting sunlight-driven photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been realized. In this study, we propose a strategy involving an intramolecular electron-donating ligand to develop high-performance type-I photosensitizer. Specifically, electron-rich core is flanked by two iridium atoms, facilitating electron transfer and promoting hydroxyl radical generation. The resulting Ir(III) photosensitizer, Q-T, boosts the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under low-intensity laser exposure. Moreover, ROS ideally suits hypoxic microenvironments, thus demonstrating remarkable PDT against various cell lines, artificial natural sunlight. skin squamous carcinoma (A431) organoid model, one cycle treatment dosing Q-T followed sunlight irradiation effectively induces cellular apoptosis completely eradicates tumor organoids. This approach offers promising avenue for efficient cancer utilizing

Язык: Английский

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Donor–Acceptor–Donor Strategy Rouses the Photodynamic Therapy Anticancer Activity of a Bis-terpyridyl Ru(II) Complex

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(15), С. 13435 - 13445

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

Photodynamic therapy has been regarded as a noninvasive treatment for cancer with spatiotemporal control over drug activation. Bis-terpyridyl Ru(II) complexes exhibit promising achiral structure but suffer from low photoreactivity due to deviation the ideal octahedral geometry. Herein, we introduce donor–acceptor–donor motif construct dinuclear bis-terpyridyl complex (Ru2). Ru2 exhibits superior light absorption properties compared mononuclear Ru1. Importantly, upon 595 nm excitation, shows synergetic type I/II photosensitization and photocatalytic activity, while Ru1 is inactive. Anticancer mechanistic studies reflect that induces intracellular redox imbalance affects biosynthetic metabolic processes, leading cell apoptosis. Overall, this work provides simple strategy rouse PDT efficiency of complexes.

Язык: Английский

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