Gastric cancer treatment: recent progress and future perspectives

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages due to subtle symptoms earlier disease and low rate regular screening. Systemic therapies for GC, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy immunotherapy, have evolved significantly in past few years. For resectable perioperative chemotherapy has become standard treatment. Ongoing investigations exploring potential benefits or immunotherapy adjuvant setting. metastatic disease, there been notable advancements biomarker-directed recently. Classification based on molecular biomarkers, such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), microsatellite instability (MSI), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), provides an opportunity differentiate who may benefit from therapy. Molecular diagnostic techniques facilitated characterization GC genetic profiles identification new targets. This review systematically summarizes main research progress systemic treatment discusses current individualized strategies presents future perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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National and subnational trends in cancer burden in China, 2005–20: an analysis of national mortality surveillance data

The Lancet Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(12), С. e943 - e955

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2023

Cancer has been the leading cause of death since 2010 in China, with increasing incidence, mortality, and burden. We aimed to assess national subnational changes cancer burden from 2005 2020 China using data National Mortality Surveillance System.We extracted on cancer-related deaths System, which accounts for 24·3% country's population provincial representativeness. Data surveillance stratified by age sex were Bureau Statistics China. estimated mortality years life lost (YLLs) all cancers 23 groups sex, nationally, 31 provinces between 2020. calculated age-standardised YLL rates census as reference population. Average annual percent YLLs trends over study period. Decomposition analysis was used drivers due three explanatory components: growth, ageing, age-specific China.The total number increased 21·6% 2 397 772 5·0% 56 598 975 The fatal types remained stable both sexes period: tracheal, bronchus, lung cancer; liver stomach cancer. fourth fifth also among males (oesophageal, colon rectum), while rectum replaced oesophageal breast females. Age-standardised almost (except prostate male multiple myeloma female) decreased significantly urban areas. about half rural Leading leukaemia brain nervous system younger (aged 0-19 years); liver, lung, or middle-aged 40-59 older adults ≥60 years) causes varied each province, at top 30 provinces.The appeared be shifting towards that high-income countries Adjustments existing health plans actions are needed reduce burdens other emerging cancers.National Key Research Development Program

Язык: Английский

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A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors

Cancer Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(11), С. 1137 - 1151

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2021

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers were responsible for 26.3% of cancer cases and 35.4% deaths worldwide in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the global incidence, mortality, prevalence, contributing risk factors 6 major GI entities [esophageal (EC), gastric (GC), liver (LC), pancreatic (PC), colon cancer, rectal cancer]. Methods Using Global Cancer Observatory Health databases, we reviewed current analyzed association prevalence with national human development indices (HDIs), identified factors, estimated developing age‐ sex‐specific trends incidence mortality. Results In 2020, trend age‐standardized rate closely mirrored that highest rates LC, EC, GC Asia colorectal (CRC) PC mainly Europe. Incidence mortality positively, but mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) was inversely correlated HDI levels. High MIRs countries likely reflected lack preventive strategies effective treatments. Europe also positively HDIs lifestyle‐associated such as alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, high blood cholesterol level, negatively hypertension diabetes. Incidences EC consistently those mostly decreasing, whereas incidences CRC increasing most countries/regions, especially younger populations. LC all age‐gender populations except males. Mortalities decreasing GC, age‐specific observed a decrease an increase older population. Conclusions On scale, higher burden accompanied, part, by associated so‐called Western lifestyle very countries/regions levels, patients survived longer, Optimizing prevention improving therapies, comorbid metabolic diseases, are thus urgently recommended.

Язык: Английский

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Elevated neutrophil extracellular traps by HBV‐mediated S100A9‐TLR4/RAGE‐ROS cascade facilitate the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Cancer Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(2), С. 225 - 245

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered significant contributors to cancer progression, especially metastasis. However, it is still unclear whether NETs involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocarcinogenesis and have potential clinical significance during evaluation management for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed investigate the functional mechanism of HBV-related their significance. A total 175 HCC patients with without HBV infection 58 healthy controls were enrolled study. measured tissue specimens, freshly isolated neutrophils blood serum from these patients, correlation circulating levels malignancy was evaluated. The by which modulates formation explored using cell-based studies. addition, vitro vivo experiments further performed clarify on growth metastasis HCC. We observed an elevated level specimens those infected HBV. facilitated both vivo, mainly dominated increased angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related cell migration, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-induced (ECM) degradation NETs-mediated trapping. Inhibition generation DNase 1 effectively abrogated NETs-aroused HBV-induced S100A9 accelerated NETs, mediated activation toll-like receptor (TLR4)/receptor advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Further, circulatory found correlate viral load, TNM stage status HCC, identified could predict extrahepatic metastasis, area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.83 90.3% sensitivity 62.8% specificity at a cutoff value 0.32. Our findings indicated that RAGE/TLR4-ROS signaling resulted abundant formation, subsequently cells. More importantly, exhibited as alternative biomarker predicting

Язык: Английский

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Cancer situation in China: what does the China cancer map indicate from the first national death survey to the latest cancer registration?

Cancer Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(1), С. 75 - 86

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Abstract Background Over the past four decades, Chinese government has conducted three surveys on distribution of causes death and built cancer registration. In order to shine a new light better prevention strategies in China, we evaluated profile mortality over forty years analyzed policies that have been implemented. Methods We described spatial temporal changes both ranking major types China based data collected from national during 1973‐1975, 1990‐1992, 2004‐2005, latest registration published by National Central Cancer Registry China. The were compared after conversion age‐standardized rates world standard population (Segi's population). geographical characteristics explored marking hot spots different cancers map Results From 1973 2016, witnessed an evident decrease rate stomach, esophageal, cervical cancer, while gradual increase was recorded lung, colorectal, female breast cancer. A slight observed liver since 2004. Lung however, become top two leading for last twenty years. surveys, similar profiles among urban rural areas. Lower esophageal stomach demonstrated than Rural areas had five with small 1973‐1975. Additionally, 2016 also approximate 2004‐2005. Moreover, showed specific distributions. Although decreased at most hotspots these cancers, they still higher average levels same time periods. Conclusions Building up strong primary public health system especially may be one critical step reduce burden

Язык: Английский

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Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade with sintilimab in mismatch-repair deficient, locally advanced rectal cancer: an open-label, single-centre phase 2 study

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(5), С. 422 - 431

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 74(1), С. 26 - 34

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024

Gastrointestinal cancers comprise nearly one-third of global mortality from cancer, yet the comprehensive burden these remains uninvestigated.

Язык: Английский

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Deep-learning-based 3D super-resolution MRI radiomics model: superior predictive performance in preoperative T-staging of rectal cancer

European Radiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(1), С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022

To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a deep-learning (DL)-based three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution (SR) MRI radiomics model for preoperative T-staging prediction in rectal cancer (RC).Seven hundred six eligible RC patients (T1/2 = 287, T3/4 419) were retrospectively enrolled this study chronologically allocated into training cohort (n 565) validation 141). We conducted deep-transfer-learning network on high-resolution (HR) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) to enhance z-resolution images acquired SRT2WI. The models named modelHRT2 modelSRT2 respectively constructed with high-dimensional quantitative features extracted from manually segmented volume interests HRT2WI SRT2WI through Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator method. performances evaluated by ROC, calibration, decision curves.ModelSRT2 outperformed (AUC 0.869, sensitivity 71.1%, specificity 93.1%, accuracy 83.3% vs. AUC 0.810, 89.5%, 70.1%, 77.3%) distinguishing T1/2 significant difference (p < 0.05). Both achieved higher AUCs than expert radiologists (0.685, 95% confidence interval 0.595-0.775, p calibration curves confirmed high goodness fit, curve analysis revealed clinical value.ModelSRT2 yielded superior predictive performance comparison radiologists' visual assessments.• For first time, DL-based 3D SR applied utility. • Compared assessment conventional based HRT2WI, showed more favorable capability helping clinicians assess invasion depth preoperatively. This is largest RC.

Язык: Английский

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Bifidobacterium adolescentis orchestrates CD143⁺ cancer‐associated fibroblasts to suppress colorectal tumorigenesis by Wnt signaling‐regulated GAS1

Cancer Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(9), С. 1027 - 1047

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2023

Abstract Background The interplay between gut microbiota and tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well explored. Here, we elucidated functional role Bifidobacterium adolescentis ( B.a ) on CRC investigated its possible mechanism manipulation cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) CRC. Methods Different animal models various cell line were established to explore function single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) or flow cytometry was used detect subsets TME Western blot, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunofluorescence staining performed examine activation Wnt signaling growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) CD143 + CAFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR (CHIP‐qPCR) investigate regulation transcription factor 4 (TCF4) GAS1. Multi‐immunofluorescence assay examined expression level GAS1 tissue microarray. Results We found that abundance significantly reduced patients from two independent cohorts bacteria database GMrepo. Supplementation with suppressed Apc Min/+ spontaneous AOM/DSS‐induced tumorigenesis mice. scRNA‐seq revealed facilitated a subset CAFs by inhibiting infiltration Th2 cells, while promoting TNF‐alpha B cells TME. highly expressed exhibited suppressive effect. Mechanistically, activated Wnt/β‐catenin correlated predicted better survival outcome patients. Conclusions These results highlighted induced new signaling‐regulated suppress provided novel therapeutic target for probiotic‐based modulation

Язык: Английский

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Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Near‐Infrared Dual‐Modal Imaging and Ferroptosis/Starvation Therapy of Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(27)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2023

Abstract Accurate identification and visualization of peritoneal metastases (PM) are clinically essential to improving the prognosis for gastric cancer. However, owing multifocal spread metastasis nodules, small size, close contact with adjacent organs, identifying completely removing them during surgery is extremely challenging, resulting in cancer treatment failure recurrence. This study develops a T 1 ‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (FeGdNP)‐loaded indocyanine green/glucose oxidase (ICG/GOx) conjugation an RGD dimer (RGD2) acid‐labile polymer mPEG (FeGdNP‐ICG/GOx‐RGD2‐mPEG). Compared commercial Magnevist, proposed FeGdNP‐ICG/GOx‐RGD2‐mPEG shows two three‐fold higher tumor ΔSNR MRI subcutaneous animal models. free ICG, increased fluorescent signal allows detection tiny metastatic nodules (<3 mm), removal peritoneum transplanted tumors. Abundant gluconic acid H 2 O generated GOx‐mediated glucose depletion process cells, thereby enhancing Fenton reaction efficiency. Accumulated toxic ·OH can damage mitochondrial function induce release reactive oxygen species, which activates ferroptosis pathway. The data indicate potential nanoparticles preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative fluorescence‐guided navigation, therapy.

Язык: Английский

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