Human presence and human footprint have non-equivalent effects on wildlife spatiotemporal habitat use

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 241, С. 108383 - 108383

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(16), С. 3718 - 3731

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2021

Abstract Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological life history traits may predict success human‐dominated landscapes such that only with “winning” combinations of will persist disturbed environments. However, this link between successful coexistence humans remains obscured by the complexity anthropogenic disturbances variability among study systems. We compiled detection data for 24 mammal from 61 populations across North America to quantify effects (1) direct presence people (2) human footprint (landscape modification) occurrence levels. Thirty‐three percent exhibited a net negative response (i.e., reduced or activity) increasing and/or populations, whereas 58% were positively associated disturbance. apparent benefits tended decrease disappear at higher disturbance levels, indicative thresholds species’ capacity tolerate exploit landscapes. strong predictors their responses footprint, favoring smaller, less carnivorous, faster‐reproducing species. The positive distributed more randomly respect trait values, winners losers range body sizes dietary guilds. Differential some highlight importance considering these two forms separately when estimating impacts wildlife. Our approach provides insights into complex mechanisms through which activities shape communities globally, revealing drivers loss larger predators human‐modified

Язык: Английский

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Framing pictures: A conceptual framework to identify and correct for biases in detection probability of camera traps enabling multi‐species comparison

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(4), С. 2320 - 2336

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2019

Obtaining reliable species observations is of great importance in animal ecology and wildlife conservation. An increasing number studies use camera traps (CTs) to study communities, an effort made make better reuse the large amounts data that are produced. It these circumstances it becomes paramount correct for species- study-specific variation imperfect detection within CTs. We reviewed literature used our own experience compile a list factors affect CT animals. did this conceptual framework six distinct scales separating out influences (a) characteristics, (b) specifications, (c) set-up protocols, (d) environmental variables. identified 40 can potentially influence animals by CTs at scales. Many were related only few overarching parameters. Most characteristics scale with body mass diet type, most differ season or latitude such remote sensing products like NDVI could be as proxy index capture variation. Factors microsite probably important determining The type specific research question will determine which should corrected. Corrections done directly adjusting metric interest using covariates statistical framework. Our design help when analyzing data. Furthermore, provides overview reported them repeatable, comparable, their reusable. This greatly improve possibilities global analyses (reused)

Язык: Английский

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Wildlife winners and losers in an oil sands landscape

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 16(6), С. 323 - 328

Опубликована: Май 7, 2018

Energy development and consumption drive changes in global climate, landscapes, biodiversity. The oil sands of western Canada are an epicenter production, creating landscapes without current or historical analogs. Science policy often focus on pipelines species‐at‐risk declines, but we hypothesized that differential responses to anthropogenic disturbances shift the entire mammal community. Analysis data collected from 3 years camera trapping species distribution models indicated features best explained distributions ten included study. Relative abundances some mammals were positively correlated with feature density, others negatively correlated. Effect sizes larger than for natural features. Increasing spatial complexity, access multiple habitats, new forage sources favor generalist predators browsers, detriment specialists, likely altering ecological processes. This issue has far‐reaching implications: as landscape so too does its community, serving a bellwether future change energy worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of human impacts on habitat use, activity patterns and ecological relationships among medium and small felids of the Atlantic Forest

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 13(8), С. e0200806 - e0200806

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2018

Competition theory and niche suggest that two morphologically similar species may coexist by reducing the overlap of at least one dimension their ecological niche. The medium small Neotropical felids are an interesting group carnivore for studying intraguild competition. Due to differences in size it is expected larger ocelot exert strong interference competition on smaller (southern tiger cat, margay jaguarundi); which, turn, exploitative among themselves. Moreover, landscape changes due human activities alter these interspecific interactions. We studied habitat use spatial temporal relations Atlantic Forest felids, a with different levels anthropogenic impact. estimated detection probability, occupancy probability cats whether parameters affected environmental variables or ocelot. daily activity patterns between pairs four response also potential have occurred relation ocelot's probability. small- medium-size was negatively associated intensity humans. Co-occurrence models indicated southern decreased This effect higher as disturbance increased. cat became more nocturnal sites access, suggesting they be temporally avoiding encounters humans dogs. Conservation depends not only establishment implementations protected areas but management human's land uses.

Язык: Английский

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A review of factors to consider when using camera traps to study animal behavior to inform wildlife ecology and conservation

Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(8)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2020

Abstract Camera traps (CTs) are an increasingly popular method of studying animal behavior. However, the impact cameras on detected individuals—such as from mechanical noise, odor, and emitted light—has received relatively little attention. These impacts particularly important in behavioral studies conservation that seek to ascribe changes behavior relevant environmental factors. In this article, we discuss three sources bias using CTs: (a) disturbance caused by cameras; (b) variation animal‐detection parameters across camera models; (c) biased detection individuals age, sex, classes. We propose several recommendations aimed at mitigating responses CTs wildlife. Our offer a platform for development more rigorous robust CT technology and, if adopted, would result greater applied benefits management.

Язык: Английский

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Relative effects of recreational activities on a temperate terrestrial wildlife assemblage

Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(10)

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2020

Abstract Outdoor recreation is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in world and provides many benefits to people. Assessing possible negative impacts nevertheless important for sustainable management. Here, we used camera traps assess relative effects various recreational activities—as compared each other environmental conditions—on a terrestrial wildlife assemblage British Columbia, Canada. Across 13 species, only two associations between activities detections were observed at weekly scales: mountain biking on moose grizzly bears. However, finer‐scale analysis showed that all species avoided humans trails, with avoidance strongest motorized vehicles. Our results imply factors generally shaped broad‐scale patterns use, but highlight also have detectable impacts. These can be monitored using same camera‐trapping techniques are commonly monitor assemblages.

Язык: Английский

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Global camera trap synthesis highlights the importance of protected areas in maintaining mammal diversity

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2022

Abstract The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a central strategy for global biodiversity conservation. While the role PAs in protecting habitat has been highlighted, their effectiveness at mammal communities remains unclear. We analyzed dataset from over 8671 camera traps 23 countries on four continents that detected 321 medium‐ to large‐bodied species. found strong positive correlation between taxonomic diversity and proportion surveyed area covered by scale ( β = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19–0.60) Indomalaya 0.69, CI 0.19–1.2), as well functional PA coverage Nearctic 0.47, 0.09–0.85), after controlling human disturbances environmental variation. Functional was only weakly (and insignificantly) correlated with 0.22, −0.02–0.46), pointing need better understand response protection. Our study provides important evidence conserving terrestrial mammals emphasizes critical area‐based conservation post‐2020 framework.

Язык: Английский

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Zooming in on mechanistic predator–prey ecology: Integrating camera traps with experimental methods to reveal the drivers of ecological interactions

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 89(9), С. 1997 - 2012

Опубликована: Май 22, 2020

Camera trap technology has galvanized the study of predator-prey ecology in wild animal communities by expanding scale and diversity interactions that can be analysed. While observational data from systematic camera arrays have informed inferences on spatiotemporal outcomes interactions, capacity for studies to identify mechanistic drivers species is limited. Experimental designs utilize traps uniquely allow testing hypothesized mechanisms drive predator prey behaviour, incorporating environmental realism not possible laboratory while benefiting distinct generate large datasets multiple with minimal observer interference. However, such pairings experimental methods remain underutilized. We review recent advances application investigate fundamental underlying present a conceptual guide designing studies. Only 9% our use methods, but approaches increasing. To illustrate utility trap-based experiments using case study, we propose design integrates techniques test perennial question ecology: how balance foraging safety, as formalized risk allocation hypothesis. discuss applications evaluate anthropogenic influences wildlife globally. Finally, challenges conducting already begun play an important role understanding free-living animals, will become increasingly critical quantifying community rapidly changing world. recommend increased responses humans, synanthropic invasive species, other disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Estimating density for species conservation: Comparing camera trap spatial count models to genetic spatial capture-recapture models

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 15, С. e00411 - e00411

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2018

Density estimation is integral to the effective conservation and management of wildlife. Camera traps in conjunction with spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have been used accurately precisely estimate densities “marked” wildlife populations comprising identifiable individuals. The emergence count (SC) holds promise for cost-effective density “unmarked” when individuals are not identifiable. We evaluated model agreement, precision, survey costs, between i) a fully marked approach using SCR fit non-invasive genetic data, ii) an unmarked SC camera trap recovering population mesocarnivore fisher (Pekania pennanti). estimates ranged from 2.95 3.42 (2.18–5.19 95% BCI) fishers 100 km−2. were influenced by their priors, ranging 0.95 (0.65–2.95 km−2 uninformative 3.60 (2.01–7.55 informed prior knowledge 16 km2 home range. caution against strongly informative priors but instead recommend range unweighted knowledge. Thin detection data was problematic both models, potentially producing biased low estimates. total cost ($47 610) two-thirds ($77 080), or comparable ($75 746) if sampling effort increased include sex trap-behaviour covariates models. continues be series trade-offs as methods improve integrate, so will our

Язык: Английский

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