Silicon-Mediated Interactions Between Plant Antagonists

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(8), С. 1204 - 1204

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

The prolonged arms race between plants and their antagonists has resulted in the evolution of multiple plant defence mechanisms to combat attacks by pests pathogens. Silicon (Si) accumulation occurs mainly grasses provides a physical barrier against antagonists. Biochemical pathways may also be involved Si-mediated resistance, although precise mode action this case is less clear. Most studies have focussed on Si-based effects single attackers. In review, we consider how resistance operates when simultaneously and/or sequentially attacked insect herbivores, fungal phytopathogens, parasitic nematodes hormones jasmonic acid (JA) salicylic (SA) are involved. Si mediate both intra- interspecific competition facilitation. been found impact plant-mediated interactions herbivores within same feeding guild across different guilds, with varying patterns JA SA. These results suggest that hormonal crosstalk play role effects, finding varied studies. While some reports support notion linked responses, others indicate supplementation reduces production. terms SA not defences. Improving our understanding could beneficial for sustainable agriculture under future climates.

Язык: Английский

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Short‐term resistance that persists: Rapidly induced silicon anti‐herbivore defence affects carbon‐based plant defences

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(1), С. 82 - 92

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2020

Abstract Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate diverse biotic and abiotic stresses including insect herbivory. Si accumulation in plants, notably the Poaceae, can be induced through stimulation of jasmonic acid (JA) pathway (associated with chewing herbivores). Nevertheless, temporal dynamics as a defence response its consequential effects on carbon‐based defences (e.g. phenolics), particularly short‐term, remain unclear. The model grass Brachypodium distachyon was grown hydroponic solution where half plants were supplemented 2 mM potassium silicate had no supplied. Plants treated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) form standardised simulated We measured accumulation, phytohormones JA salicylic (SA) over 24 hr determine interplay between Si, herbivory plant machinery. MeJA‐induced occurred early 6 after treatment via increased concentrations. supplementation decreased SA concentrations, which could have implications additional downstream defences. show trade‐off phenolics untreated but this relationship weakened upon MeJA treatment. Further, did not apply phenolic precursor compound, phenylalanine. provide evidence for rapidly associated herbivory, that impacts 24‐hr period. Additionally, modifies Si‐ Thus, addition well‐documented role long‐term against herbivores, we demonstrate that, short‐term scales, responds herbivore signals A free Plain Language Summary found within Supporting Information article.

Язык: Английский

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Potential of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar) amendment to control crop pests and pathogens in agroecosystems: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 910, С. 168545 - 168545

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Plant Silicon Defences Suppress Herbivore Performance, but Mode of Feeding Is Key

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT The performance of herbivorous animals depends on the nutritional and defensive traits plants they consume. uptake deposition biogenic silicon in plant tissues is arguably most basic ubiquitous anti‐herbivore defence used by plants, especially grasses. We conducted meta‐analyses 150 studies reporting how vertebrate invertebrate herbivores performed when feeding silicon‐rich relative to those low‐silicon plants. Silicon levels were 52% higher 32% more variable compared with low silicon, which resulted an overall 33% decline herbivore performance. Fluid‐feeding was less adversely impacted (−14%) than tissue‐chewing herbivores, including mammals (−45%), chewing arthropods (−33%) plant‐boring (−39%). a wide diet breadth or perennial species mostly unaffected defences. Unlike many other defences, where specialisation often helps overcome their effects, negatively impacts regardless breadth. conclude that defences primarily target impact similar degree.

Язык: Английский

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Short‐term exposure to silicon rapidly enhances plant resistance to herbivory

Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 102(9)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2021

Abstract Silicon (Si) can adversely affect insect herbivores, particularly in plants that evolved the ability to accumulate large quantities of Si. Very rapid herbivore‐induced accumulation Si has recently been demonstrated, but level protection against herbivory this affords remains unknown. Brachypodium distachyon , a model hyperaccumulating grass, was exposed chewing herbivore, Helicoverpa armigera, and grown under three conditions: supplied over 34 d (+Si), not (−Si), or once began (−Si → +Si). We evaluated effectiveness each treatment at reducing herbivore performance measured Si‐based defenses phenolics (another form defense often reduced by Si). Although concentrations remained lower, within 72 h exposure Si, −Si +Si were as resistant plants. Both treatments damage growth, increased mandible wear compared −Si. After 6 h, filled cell density plants, 24 reached similar densities although decreased only occurred demonstrate with short‐term rapidly antiherbivore effectively long‐term exposure.

Язык: Английский

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Prospects of the Application of Garlic Extracts and Selenium and Silicon Compounds for Plant Protection against Herbivorous Pests: A Review

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1), С. 64 - 64

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Protection of plants against herbivorous pests is an important aspect that guarantees agricultural efficiency, i.e., food provision to populations. Environmental, water and foodstuff pollution by toxic pesticides, along with climate changes, highlight the necessity achieve intensive development ecologically safe methods herbivory control. This review discusses modern plant protection insect pests: biofortification selenium, treatment bulk nano-silicon, utilization garlic extracts. The peculiarities such defense are described in relation growth stimulation as well increasing yield nutritional value products. Direct methods, mechanical, hormonal, through secondary metabolites and/or mineral element accumulation, indirect via predator attraction discussed. Examples pest control during grain/seed storage emphasized. A comparison sodium selenate, silicon containing fertilizer (Siliplant) extract efficiency analyzed on Raphanus sativus var. lobo infested cruciferous gall midge Contarinia nasturtii, indicating quick annihilation a result foliar application or silicon-containing fertilizer, Siliplant.

Язык: Английский

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Defense response of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings to Hyphantria cunea larvae under Cd stress: A contradiction between attraction and resistance

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 859, С. 160390 - 160390

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Extending the elemental defence hypothesis in the light of plant chemodiversity

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 239(5), С. 1545 - 1555

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Summary Some plant species tolerate and accumulate high levels of metals or metalloids in their tissues. The elemental defence hypothesis posits that metal(loid) hyperaccumulation by these plants can serve as protection against antagonists. Numerous studies support this hypothesis. In addition, other species, hyperaccumulators synthesise specialised metabolites act organic defences. principle, the composition concentration plant‐specialised vary pronouncedly not only among but also within individuals. This variation is called chemodiversity. Surprisingly, role chemodiversity has received little attention defence. Thus, we advocate concept should be extended linked to multifunctionality better understand eco‐evolutionary dynamics maintenance hyperaccumulation. Comprehensive literature revealed both metal(loid)s acting defences are highly diverse some biosynthetic pathways two types partly intertwined. Several edaphic‐, population‐, temporal‐ spatial‐related factors were found influence diversity, which considered We thus present a novel synthesis outlook extend light

Язык: Английский

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Silicon and Epichloë‐endophyte defences in a model temperate grass diminish feeding efficiency and immunity of an insect folivore

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(12), С. 3177 - 3192

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023

Abstract Plants deploy diverse anti‐herbivore defences which reduce feeding and performance of herbivores. Temperate grasses use silicon (Si) accumulation Epichloë ‐endophytes for physical chemical (i.e. endophytic‐alkaloids) defence against insect Recent studies suggest that increase Si in their host grass. It is unknown, however, how this affects Si‐deposition on the leaf surface, impacts herbivore efficiency immunity to potential infection/parasitism. To address knowledge gap, we grew tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) hydroponically with without Si, absence or presence novel AR584 ‐strain. We exposed plants Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) both situ (intact leaves) ex (excised trials determined effects endophyte efficiency, growth rates Endophytic supplied showed 110% 143% increases silica density concentrations, respectively, when herbivory, compared non‐endophytic were herbivore‐free. Despite endophyte‐mediated H. was only affected by supply; decreased 87% most indices at least 30%. supply also increased mandibular wear 16%, negatively correlated rates. Cellular humoral endophytes. Endophytic‐loline alkaloid concentrations unaffected whereas herbivory peramine 290%. our knowledge, first report ‐endophyte derived alkaloids compromising via reduced melanisation response. Using , study suggests deploying accumulation) acting multiple traits, including immunity, may be a successful strategy temperate grasses. This multi‐faceted particularly difficult herbivores overcome. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Leaf silicification provides herbivore defence regardless of the extensive impacts of water stress

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(6), С. 1200 - 1211

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Abstract Altered precipitation patterns due to climate change are likely impose water‐deficit stress in plants resulting changes specific leaf mass, water content and chemical defences that may impact herbivorous arthropods. Grasses, particular, accumulate large concentrations of silicon (Si) which provides physical defence against herbivores. Although Si uptake by be affected availability, very few studies have investigated the combined effect on insect herbivore performance. We grew tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb. hydroponically, with without Si, half were treated 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) osmotic stress. In all, 11 traits (physiological, structural) measured, silicified phytoliths surface visualised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) conjunction X‐ray mapping, exposed a chewing [ Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)]. was associated physiological traits, including increased decreased relative nitrogen (N), there no significant H. growth rate (RGR). However, reduced RGR 80%–98% while generating traits. Instead, decline structural greater density surface. Comparison sizes indicated primarily but not strongly negatively There interactive between treatments or plant except for phenolic concentrations. This study further support prove beneficial pests remains robust regardless conditions. A free Plain Language Summary can found within Supporting Information this article.

Язык: Английский

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