The physical structure of soil: Determinant and consequence of trophic interactions

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 148, С. 107876 - 107876

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2020

Trophic interactions play a vital role in soil functioning and are increasingly considered as important drivers of the microbiome biogeochemical cycles. In last decade, novel tools to decipher structure food webs have provided unprecedent advance describing complex trophic interactions. Yet, major challenge remains understand Evidence suggests that small scale physical may offer unifying framework for understanding nature patterns soils. Here, we review current knowledge how restrictions on organisms' ability sense access resources/prey inherent essentially shape We focus primarily organisms unable deform create pores themselves, such bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes microarthropods, consider pore geometry, connectivity hydration status main descriptors structure. point appears mostly limit sensing accessibility resources/prey, with negative effects bottom up controls. The mechanisms (i) reduced transport molecules, notably volatiles, through matrix (ii) wide presence refuges leading size segregation consumer/predators sources/prey contrasting size. addition, variations water film is suggested central aspect driving encounter probability between consumers/predator source/prey hence locally decrease or increase top-down Constraints imposed by thought be diversity local community assemblage, favoring variety adaptations feed this dark labyrinth (food specialists/flexible/generalists) limiting competitive exclusion limited consumers. conclude possible future ways an interdisciplinary more quantitative research merging physics web ecology.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the multiple land degradation pathways across the planet

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 220, С. 103689 - 103689

Опубликована: Май 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Human activities and forest fires in Indonesia: An analysis of the Bromo incident and implications for conservation tourism

Trees Forests and People, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15, С. 100509 - 100509

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024

This study delves into the Bromo magnitude of fire incident in Indonesia, a notable tourism destination, uncovering significant gaps knowledge regarding tourist-induced forest fires. We comprehensively analyze incident's environmental, economic, social, and impacts. Environmentally, caused severe damage to region's ecosystems, upsetting ecological balances diminishing air quality. has far-reaching effects on flora, fauna, sustainability natural resources. Forest fires release amount pollutants air, including carbon dioxide, monoxide, particulate matter, other harmful compounds. These can significantly degrade quality, leading health issues for humans animals. The region Indonesia had profound impact, both economically environmentally. closure Tengger Semeru National Park drastically reduced tourism, an 80 % drop hotel occupancy losses local businesses like jeep rentals, eateries, souvenir shops. Economically, this resulted decrease Non-Tax State Revenue. destroyed over 50 hectares land, severely damaging national park's ecosystems affecting biodiversity. smoke heat from also led poor quality potential risks residents, as well adverse nearby agriculture, increasing stress anxiety community.. emphasizes urgent need stringent regulations, effective community engagement, educational initiatives conservation areas, particularly those attracting tourists. Our findings offer critical insights policymakers, authorities, stakeholders sector, highlighting necessity balancing environmental protection with growth global travel industry.

Язык: Английский

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Invasive earthworms unlock arctic plant nitrogen limitation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2020

Abstract Arctic plant growth is predominantly nitrogen (N) limited. This limitation generally attributed to slow soil microbial processes due low temperatures. Here, we show that arctic plant-soil N cycling also substantially constrained by the lack of larger detritivores (earthworms) able mineralize and physically translocate litter organic matter. These new functions provided earthworms increased shrub grass concentration in our common garden experiment. Earthworm activity either height or number floral shoots, while enhancing fine root production vegetation greenness heath meadow communities a level exceeded inherent differences between these two communities. Moreover, worming effects on greening reported warming, herbivory nutrient addition, suggesting human spreading may lead substantial changes structure function ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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The second wave of earthworm invasions in North America: biology, environmental impacts, management and control of invasive jumping worms

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(11), С. 3291 - 3322

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The ghosts of ecosystem engineers: Legacy effects of biogenic modifications

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38(1), С. 52 - 72

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2022

Abstract Ecosystem engineers strongly influence the communities in which they live by modifying habitats and altering resource availability. These biogenic changes can persist beyond presence of engineer, such modifications are known as ecosystem engineering legacy effects. Although many authors recognize legacies, some case studies quantify effects few general frameworks describe their causes consequences across species or types. Here, we synthesize evidence for legacies how consideration key traits improves understanding likely to leave persistent modifications. Our review demonstrates that ubiquitous, with substantial on individuals, processes. Attributes may promote persistence influential relate an engineer's traits, including its body size, life span living strategy (individual, conspecific group collection multiple co‐occurring species). Additional lines inquiry, recipients respond (e.g. density richness) mechanism burrowing structure building), should be included future research. Understanding patterns these evaluating losing them is important area research needed long‐term ecological responses global change biodiversity loss. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal Dispersal Across Spatial Scales

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(1), С. 69 - 85

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2022

Fungi play key roles in ecosystems and human societies as decomposers, nutrient cyclers, mutualists, pathogens. Estimates suggest that roughly 3–13 million fungal species exist worldwide, yet considerable knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms consequences, both ecological social, of dispersal from local to global scales. In this review, we summarize concepts underlying dispersal, review recent research, explore how fungi possess unique characteristics can broaden our understanding general ecology. We highlight emerging frontiers research integrate technological advances with trait-based ecology, movement social–ecological systems, work unexplored environments. Outstanding questions across these themes are presented stimulate theoretical empirical Advances will improve community assembly biogeography a range spatial scales, implications for ecosystem functioning, food security, health.

Язык: Английский

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Drought as an emergent driver of ecological transformation in the twenty-first century

BioScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 74(8), С. 524 - 538

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Under climate change, ecosystems are experiencing novel drought regimes, often in combination with stressors that reduce resilience and amplify drought's impacts. Consequently, appears increasingly likely to push systems beyond important physiological ecological thresholds, resulting substantial changes ecosystem characteristics persisting long after ends (i.e., transformation). In the present article, we clarify how can lead transformation across a wide variety of including forests, woodlands, grasslands. Specifically, describe change alters regimes this translates impacts on plant population growth, either directly or through interactions factors such as land management, biotic interactions, other disturbances. We emphasize among mechanisms inhibit postdrought recovery shift trajectories toward alternate states. Providing holistic picture initiates long-term supports development risk assessments, predictive models, management strategies, enhancing preparedness for complex growing challenge.

Язык: Английский

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Microclimate and mining stresses the diversity of earthworms and further impact the regeneration of forests along the Rio Doce

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Soil structure, along with the fauna and plant biodiversity it sustains, can be affected by various factors, including both natural human-induced disturbances such as climate fluctuations mining activities. Earthworms are ecosystem engineers highly these changes in soil conditions. In present study, we evaluated earthworm community different climatic periods their impact on diversity a region tailings. Earthworm was significantly higher during period of precipitation, areas tailings reference sites. Additionally, composition species impacted, showing predominantly gains despite influence waste. The total invasive abundance earthworms linked to greater regenerating stratum sites but not impacted These findings highlight potential consequences change disasters communities, well structure dynamics. Moreover, they underscore environmental impacts world's largest disaster within one planet's key hotspots, emphasizing urgent need for improved recovery strategies.

Язык: Английский

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The influence of urban and agricultural landscape contexts on forest diversity and structure across ecoregions

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Forest patches in urban landscapes make outsized contributions to biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human health well‐being. However, urbanization can alter environmental conditions that underpin forest health. Most studies of have focused on few across a single metropolitan region, synthesis is needed understand broader patterns. We assessed variation among measures land cover gradients ecoregions by determining (1) whether the degree urban, agricultural, forested surrounding patch was reflected differences tree community composition, diversity, structure (2) these were consistent ecoregions. synthesized data from 17 observational (3334 plots) remotely sensed (1‐km buffer) four regions (Baltimore–Washington DC, Chicago, New York City, Philadelphia) spanning five eastern deciduous North America. Land differed ecoregions, forests surrounded heterogeneous even most urbanized areas. Patterns species composition landscape context. high canopy had greater or equal density, basal area, diversity sizes relative highly agricultural impervious landscapes. In contrast, there little difference between settings. Tree varied yet assemblages intensively areas consistently distinct those other contexts. shared predominantly native communities characterized low size class as well non‐native abundance, highlighting commonalities intensive anthropogenic These results point both common challenges opportunities for stewardship

Язык: Английский

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