Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities

BioScience, Год журнала: 2001, Номер 51(3), С. 235 - 235

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2001

Язык: Английский

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Biological structures as a source of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity on the deep ocean margins

Marine Ecology, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 31(1), С. 21 - 50

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2010

Biological structures exert a major influence on species diversity at both local and regional scales deep continental margins. Some organisms use other as substrates for attachment, shelter, feeding or parasitism, but there may also be mutual benefits from the association. Here, we highlight structural attributes biotic effects of habitats that corals, sea pens, sponges xenophyophores offer organisms. The environmental setting biological influences their composition. importance benthic seems to increase with depth complexity surrounding geological substrate food supply decline. There are marked differences in degree mutualistic relationships between habitat-forming taxa. This is especially evident scleractinian which have high numbers facultative associates (commensals) few obligate (mutualists), gorgonians, commensals many associates. Size, flexibility architectural organism positively related sessile mobile species. mainly commensal sharing relationship host. Habitat enhanced by architecture structures, well interactions. Colony morphology has great efficiency suspension feeders. Suspension feeding, modify environment optimize uptake. advantage passed associated filter-feeding These poorly understood represent key points understanding ecosystems biodiversity In this paper explore contributions they create (rather than physical modifications) habitat heterogeneity

Язык: Английский

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The Biology ofLophelia pertusa(Linnaeus1758) and Other Deep‐Water Reef‐Forming Corals and Impacts from Human Activities.

International Review of Hydrobiology, Год журнала: 1999, Номер 84(4), С. 315 - 406

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1999

Abstract Over the last twenty years, human exploitation has begun to have an impact in deep sea, especially upper bathyal zone. This mainly taken form of deep‐sea fishing but more recently oil exploration extended beyond continental shelf. Deep‐water coral reefs occur zone throughout world. These structures, however, are poorly studied with respect their occurrence, biology and diversity communities associated them. In North‐East Atlantic Lophelia pertusa frequently been recorded. The present review examines current knowledge on L. discusses similarities between its that other deep‐water, reef‐forming, corals. It is concluded a reef‐forming highly diverse fauna. Associated compared tropical shallow‐water reefs. Such fauna may be shared corals though as yet many these studied. main potential threats considered natural phenomena, such slope failures changes ocean circulation anthropogenic impacts exploration. existing activities discussed. Deep‐sea also known had significant deep‐water parts

Язык: Английский

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Biological destruction of coral reefs

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 1986, Номер 4(4), С. 239 - 252

Опубликована: Май 1, 1986

Язык: Английский

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On the importance of marine meiofauna for benthos communities

Oecologia, Год журнала: 1971, Номер 6(2), С. 176 - 190

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1971

Язык: Английский

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The fauna associated with the bank-forming deepwater coralLophelia pertusa(Scleractinaria) on the Faroe shelf

Sarsia, Год журнала: 1992, Номер 77(1), С. 53 - 69

Опубликована: Май 8, 1992

Abstract Twenty five blocks of Lophelia pertusa weighing a total 18.5 kg were studied. Associated with this substrate 4626 individuals belonging to 256 species. An additional 42 species identified from loose coral rubble. Of the 298 found, 97 are recorded for first time area around Faroes. Most found in dead inner parts bank or colony, but few close terminal branches live blocks. The associated fauna branching deep-water was as rich and diverse that hermatypic coral. Some physical features measured. Large harbour more than do smaller ones. In contrast, on number had no simple correlation block size, indicating importance other factors such random colonization length has been inhabited. 20 most abundant only four showed between weight. Ecological aspects discussed results compared studies associations corals. Comparing banks Norway Bay Biscay we find very overlaps A highly facultative is banks.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity of the white coral bank off Cape Santa Maria di Leuca (Mediterranean Sea): An update

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 57(5-6), С. 412 - 430

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2009

Язык: Английский

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Bioerosion rates on coral reefs: interactions between macroborers, microborers and grazers (Moorea, French Polynesia)

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Год журнала: 1995, Номер 113(2-4), С. 189 - 198

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 1995

Язык: Английский

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Mutualisms and Aquatic Community Structure: The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Friend

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2004, Номер 35(1), С. 175 - 197

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2004

▪ Abstract Mutualisms occur when interactions between species produce reciprocal benefits. However, the outcome of these frequently shifts from positive, to neutral, negative, depending on environmental and community context, indirect effects commonly unexpected mutualisms that have community-wide consequences. The dynamic, context dependent, nature can transform consumers, competitors, parasites into mutualists, even while they consume, compete with, or parasitize their partner species. These often diffuse, strongly affect organization ecosystem processes, but historic focus pairwise decoupled more complex has obscured importance. In aquatic systems, support ecosystem-defining foundation species, underlie energy nutrient dynamics within ecosystems, provide mechanisms by which rapidly adjust ecological variance. Mutualism is as important competition, predation, physical disturbance in determining structure, its impact needs be adequately incorporated theory.

Язык: Английский

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Theories and Models of Species Abundance

The American Naturalist, Год журнала: 1986, Номер 128(6), С. 879 - 899

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 1986

Three theories of explanation for the observed patterns species abundance in samples from animal and plant communities are reviewed. These nichepreemption hypothesis associated with log-series distribution, theory based on central-limit theorem to explain truncated lognormal explanations a recently published model community dynamics. The relative performance log-series, lognormal, dynamics models predicting 222 wide range is examined. provides best prediction only 4% samples, because there were either too few rare or, more usually, common abundant. Only 28% those mode species-abundance may be described by but even these cases parameters cannot reasonably used predict whole community. 94% explained one predictions model. For most predicts concave dominance-diversity curve large number species, indicates that smaller proportion where population growth less restricted competition or mortality. It concluded models, which have been criticized previously lack ecological realism, provide unsatisfactory they conceptually unsound rarely satisfactory description samples. This conclusion undermines use diversity index $\alpha$ models. pattern greater accuracy an recognized testable principles.

Язык: Английский

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