The rapid rise of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants with immune evasion properties: XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1 subvariants

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

As the fifth variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 virus, Omicron (B.1.1.529) has quickly become dominant type among previous circulating variants worldwide. During wave, several subvariants have emerged, with some exhibiting greater infectivity and immune evasion, accounting for their fast spread across many countries. Recently, two subvariants, BQ.1 XBB lineages, including BQ.1.1, XBB.1, XBB.1.5, a global public health issue given ability to escape from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies herd immunity induced by prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, boosters, infection. In this respect, which been established harbor rare mutation F486P, demonstrates superior transmissibility compared other emerged as strain in This review provides comprehensive overview epidemiological features, spike mutations, evasion lineages. We expounded on mechanisms underlying mutations neutralizing vaccinated or convalescent COVID-19 individuals (mAbs) proposed strategies prevention against sublineages.

Язык: Английский

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Recombinant XBB.1.5 boosters induce robust neutralization against KP.2- and KP.3-included JN.1 sublineages

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Abstract The newly emerged variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate resistance to present therapeutic antibodies as well the capability evade vaccination-elicited antibodies. JN.1 sublineages were demonstrated one most immune-evasive variants, showing higher neutralization compared XBB.1.5. In this study, serum samples collected from adult participants including those who had gone through BA.5/BF.7, EG.5/HK.3 and XBB/JN.1 infection waves, characterized by different vaccination histories. We evaluated in these against pseudoviruses Omicron lineages. further investigated humoral immune response recombinant XBB vaccines estimated sublineages, KP.2 KP.3. Our results showed that sera previous circulating subvariant breakthrough infections exhibited low GMTs 50% all tested significantly elevated individuals received WSK-V102C or WSK-V102D boosters. Importantly, 4 months after a booster XBB.1.5, JN.1, JN.1.13, KP.3 3479, 1684, 1397, 1247 1298, with 9.86-, 9.79-, 8.73-, 8.66- 8.16-fold increase without booster, respectively, indicating boosting XBB.1.5 subunit still induced strong antibody responses sublineages. However, KP.3, revealed more than 2-fold decreases neutralizing titers suggesting enhanced evasion necessity boosters based on

Язык: Английский

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Strategies for the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics in the post-pandemic period

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2023

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant casualties and put immense strain on public health systems worldwide, leading to economic recession social unrest. In response, various prevention control strategies have been implemented globally, including vaccine drug development the promotion preventive measures. Implementing these effectively curbed transmission virus, reduced infection rates, gradually restored normal activities. However, mutations SARS-CoV-2 led inevitable infections reinfections, number deaths continues rise. Therefore, there is still a need improve existing strategies, mainly focusing developing novel vaccines drugs, expediting medical authorization processes, keeping epidemic surveillance. These measures are crucial combat Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic achieve sustained, long-term prevention, management, control. Here, we summarized characteristics COVID-19 drugs suggested potential future directions for their development. Furthermore, discussed COVID-19-related policies over past years presented some future.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular insights into the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 88(3), С. 106121 - 106121

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has substantially damaged global economy and human health. spike (S) protein of coronaviruses plays a pivotal role in viral entry binding to host cell receptors. Additionally, it acts as primary target for neutralizing antibodies those infected is central focus currently utilized or researched vaccines. During virus's adaptation host, S SARS-CoV-2 undergone significant evolution. As pandemic unfolded, new mutations have arisen vanished, giving rise distinctive amino acid profiles within variant concern strains SARS-CoV-2. Notably, many these changes been positively selected, leading substantial alterations characteristics, such heightened transmissibility immune evasion capabilities. This review aims provide an overview our current understanding structural implications associated with key These research findings shed light on intricate dynamic nature evolution, underscoring importance continuous monitoring analysis genomes. Through molecular-level investigations, we can attain deeper insights into adaptive offering valuable guidance designing vaccines developing antiviral drugs combat ever-evolving threats.

Язык: Английский

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Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 S2-only antigen provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Abstract Ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have diminished the effectiveness therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. Developing a coronavirus vaccine that offers greater breadth protection against current future VOCs would eliminate need to reformulate COVID-19 Here, we rationally engineer sequence-conserved S2 subunit spike protein characterize resulting S2-only antigens. Structural studies demonstrate introduction interprotomer disulfide bonds can lock in prefusion trimers, although apex samples continuum conformations between open closed states. Immunization with prefusion-stabilized constructs elicits broadly neutralizing responses several sarbecoviruses protects female BALB/c mice from mouse-adapted lethal challenge partially SARS-CoV challenge. These engineering immunogenicity results should inform development next-generation pan-coronavirus therapeutics

Язык: Английский

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Evolution and implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the post-pandemic era

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 pandemic, has introduced a challenging era characterized by persistent emergence subvariants. Even after World Health Organization announced end virus continues to evolve, posing significant challenges public health responses. This comprehensive review examines multifaceted impacts these subvariants, emphasizing their significance across diverse dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability, especially at spike protein region, which given rise Variants Concern, including Beta, Delta, Gamma, Alpha, and highly mutable Omicron, differently exhibit varying levels immune evasion, disease severity, transmissibility. Subvariants within Omicron lineage, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, others, further complicate landscape with distinct signatures infectivity levels. The extend diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, vaccine effectiveness, underscoring need for response preventive measures, genomic surveillance, vaccination campaigns. Sustaining interventions is critical, necessitating long-term strategies considering socio-political factors, community involvement, continuous adaptation healthcare approaches, robust monitoring, sustainable effectively combat virus's ever-changing landscape.

Язык: Английский

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Immunogenicity and safety of a bivalent (omicron BA.5 plus ancestral) SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine as a heterologous booster dose: interim analysis of a phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised, clinical trial

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(6), С. 581 - 593

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 variants evade immunity despite vaccination with prototype COVID-19 vaccines or previous infection. The 2019nCoV-311 (part 2) study is evaluating immune responses after two booster doses of a vaccine containing the omicron BA.5 subvariant spike protein in adults previously vaccinated mRNA vaccine. This interim analysis reports on day 28 immunogenicity and safety outcomes one dose.

Язык: Английский

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Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(9), С. 1502 - 1502

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community, leading to development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines antivirals, ultimately reducing impact SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, is far being eradicated, continues evolve, causes substantial health economic burdens. In this narrative review, we posit essential points its responsible management during transition acute phase pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have be milder. Antivirals remain elements in management. former could benefit further development improvements dosing, while seasonal administration latter simplification increase interest tackle vaccine hesitancy. also ensure accessibility pharmaceuticals low-income countries improve understanding their use context long-term goals Regardless location, primary role awareness education must played by healthcare workers, who directly communicate patients serve as models for healthy behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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Change in the Clinical Picture of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 between the Early and Late Period of Dominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(17), С. 5572 - 5572

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2023

This study aimed to compare the clinical picture of COVID-19 in initial and later period Omicron dominance identify populations still at risk. A retrospective comparison data 965 patients hospitalized during early Omicron's (EO, January-June 2022) with 897 from a (LO, July 2022-April 2023) SARSTer database was performed. Patients LO, compared EO, were older, had better condition on admission, lower need for oxygen mechanical ventilation, less frequent lung involvement imaging, showed much faster improvement. Moreover, overall mortality EO 14%, higher than that LO-9%. Despite milder course disease, exceeding 15% similar both groups among involvement. The accumulation risk factors such as an age 60+, comorbidities, involvement, saturation <90% resulted constant 98% patients, 8% 30% rate LO period. Multiple logistic regression revealed odds death phase. infections caused by currently dominant subvariants, prophylaxis is necessary people over 60 years age, especially those case pneumonia respiratory failure.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission and re-infection of Omicron variant XBB.1.5 in hamsters

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 93, С. 104677 - 104677

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Like its predecessors in the XBB family, XBB.1.5 is highly immune evasive from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and neutralizing generated by vaccination and/or infection. However, there a lack of vivo data on animal models such as Syrian hamsters.Syrian hamsters (females) were used to examine airborne transmission along with virus replication naïve animals human ACE2 pre-existing immunity previous infection Omicron BA.1. Assays performed determine antibody responses, titers determined standard plaque assays.Unlike earlier subvariants, BA.1 BA.2, transmitted more efficiently hamster model. In addition, partially escaped BA.1-immunity replicating nasal turbinate tissues lesser extend lung previously infected hamsters.Our showing better transmissibility subvariant than predecessor, will allow researchers further investigate amino acid substitutions that give fitness advantage over BA.2 transmission, may be important studies SARS-CoV-2 humans.This research supported grants Center for Research Influenza Pathogenesis Transmission (CRIPT; 75N93021C00014), funded National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases Program Emerging Reemerging (JP21fk0108552 JP21fk0108615), Project Promoting Support Drug Discovery (JP21nf0101632), Japan Infrastructure (JP22wm0125002), The University Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection Advanced (UTOPIA) grant (JP223fa627001) Agency Medical Development.

Язык: Английский

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