Characterizing dysbiosis of gut microbiome in PD: evidence for overabundance of opportunistic pathogens DOI Creative Commons
Zachary D. Wallen, Mary Appah, Marissa Dean

и другие.

npj Parkinson s Disease, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2020

Abstract In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal features are common and often precede the motor signs. Braak colleagues proposed that PD may start in gut, triggered by a pathogen, spread to brain. Numerous studies have examined gut microbiome PD; all found it be altered, but inconsistent results on associated microorganisms. Studies date been small ( N = 20 306) difficult compare or combine due varied methodology. We conducted microbiome-wide association study (MWAS) with two large datasets for internal replication 333 507). used uniform methodology when possible, interrogated confounders, applied statistical tests concordance, followed correlation network analysis infer interactions. Fifteen genera were at significance level, both datasets, methods, without covariate adjustment. The associations not independent, rather they represented three clusters of co-occurring Cluster 1 was composed opportunistic pathogens elevated PD. 2 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria reduced 3 carbohydrate-metabolizing probiotics Depletion anti-inflammatory SCFA-producing levels confirmatory. Overabundance is an original finding their identity provides lead experimentally test role

Язык: Английский

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis DOI Open Access
John F. Cryan, Kenneth J. O’Riordan, Caitlin S.M. Cowan

и другие.

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3512
Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises DOI Creative Commons
Patrice D. Cani

Gut, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 67(9), С. 1716 - 1725

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2018

The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of role microorganisms that reside in human attracted much beyond classical infectious diseases. For example, numerous studies reported changes microbiota during not only obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases but also cancer even neurodegenerative is viewed as a potential source novel therapeutics. Between 2013 2017, number publications focusing on was, remarkably, 12 900, which represents four-fifths total 40 years investigated this topic. This review discusses recent evidence impact metabolic disorders focus selected key mechanisms. aims to provide critical analysis current knowledge field, identify putative issues or problems discuss misinterpretations. abundance metagenomic data generated comparing diseased healthy subjects can lead erroneous claim bacterium causally linked with protection onset disease. In fact, environmental factors such dietary habits, drug treatments, intestinal motility stool frequency consistency are all influence composition should be considered. cases bacteria Prevotella copri Akkermansia muciniphila will discussed examples.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1162
The gut microbiome in neurological disorders DOI
John F. Cryan, Kenneth J. O’Riordan,

Kiran Sandhu

и другие.

The Lancet Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19(2), С. 179 - 194

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1009
Discovery and inhibition of an interspecies gut bacterial pathway for Levodopa metabolism DOI Creative Commons
Vayu Maini Rekdal, Elizabeth N. Bess, Jordan E. Bisanz

и другие.

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 364(6445)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2019

The human gut microbiota metabolizes the Parkinson's disease medication Levodopa (l-dopa), potentially reducing drug availability and causing side effects. However, organisms, genes, enzymes responsible for this activity in patients their susceptibility to inhibition by host-targeted drugs are unknown. Here, we describe an interspecies pathway bacterial l-dopa metabolism. Conversion of dopamine a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent tyrosine decarboxylase from Enterococcus faecalis is followed transformation m-tyramine molybdenum-dependent dehydroxylase Eggerthella lenta These predict metabolism complex microbiotas. Although that targets host aromatic amino acid does not prevent microbial decarboxylation, identified compound inhibits patient microbiotas increases bioavailability mice.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

596
Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation DOI Creative Commons
Stefano Romano, George M. Savva, Janis R. Bedarf

и другие.

npj Parkinson s Disease, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2021

The gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked microbes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptomatology pathophysiology. PD often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms alterations the enteric nervous system accompany disease. Several studies have analyzed microbiome in PD, but a consensus on features PD-specific missing. Here, we conduct meta-analysis re-analyzing ten currently available 16S datasets investigate whether common patients exist across cohorts. We found significant PD-associated microbiome, which are robust study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences structure between controls small. Enrichment genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium depletion bacteria belonging Lachnospiraceae family Faecalibacterium genus, both short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged most consistent alterations. This dysbiosis might result pro-inflammatory status could be recurrent affecting patients.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

502
Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease DOI Creative Commons
Yinwei Chen,

Jinghua Zhou,

Li Wang

и другие.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 17, 2021

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role in life. With the further development of research, influence intestinal flora on diseases has been gradually excavated. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis adverse health effects body will lead to variety chronic diseases. underlying mechanisms GM are incredibly complicated. This review focuses regulation and mechanism neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular metabolic gastrointestinal thus providing potential target for prevention treatment disease.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

456
Update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 13: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until September 2020 DOI Creative Commons

Kostas Koutsoumanis,

Ana Allende, Avelino Álvarez‐Ordóñez

и другие.

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach was developed to provide a regularly updated generic pre-evaluation the biological agents, intended for addition food or feed, support work EFSA's Scientific Panels. It is based on an assessment published data each agent, with respect its taxonomic identity, body knowledge, concerns and antimicrobial resistance. Safety identified unit (TU) are, where possible, confirmed at strain product level, reflected by 'qualifications'. In period covered this statement, no new information found that would change status previously recommended QPS TUs. Of 36 microorganisms notified EFSA between April September 2020, 33 were excluded; seven filamentous fungi (including Aureobasidium pullulans recent insights), one Clostridium butyricum, Enterococcus faecium, three Escherichia coli, Streptomyces spp. 20 TUs had been evaluated. Three evaluated; Methylorubrum extorquens Mycobacterium aurum first time Bacillus circulans re-assessed because update requested in relation mandate. M. are not due lack knowledge use feed chain aurum, uncertainty concerning pathogenicity potential. B. qualifications 'production purposes only' 'absence cytotoxic activity'.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

410
The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease DOI Creative Commons
Christina Kumpitsch, Kaisa Koskinen, Veronika Schöpf

и другие.

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2019

Abstract The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization. Local communities are shaped by the different characteristics specific location within URT, but also interaction with both external and intrinsic factors, such as ageing, diseases, immune responses, olfactory function, lifestyle habits smoking. We summarize here current knowledge about URT microbiome in health disease, discuss methodological issues, consider potential nasal to be used medical diagnostics target therapy.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

405
Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice DOI Creative Commons
Jing Sun, Jing‐Xuan Xu,

Yi Ling

и другие.

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2019

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia in elderly. Treatment for AD still a difficult task clinic. associated with abnormal gut microbiota. However, little known about role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) AD. Here, we evaluated efficacy FMT treatment We used an APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. Cognitive deficits, brain deposits amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylation tau, synaptic plasticity as well neuroinflammation were assessed. Gut its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results showed that could improve cognitive deficits reduce deposition mice. These improvements accompanied decreased tau protein levels Aβ40 Aβ42. observed increases Tg mice, showing postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) synapsin I expression increased after FMT. also decrease COX-2 CD11b mice found reversed changes SCFAs. Thus, may be potential therapeutic strategy

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

397
Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis DOI Creative Commons
Zhe Zhao,

Jingwen Ning,

Xiu‐Qi Bao

и другие.

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, displaying not only well-known motor deficits but also gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Consistently, it has been increasingly evident that gut microbiota affects the communication between and brain in PD pathogenesis, known as microbiota-gut-brain axis. As an approach to re-establishing normal community, fecal transplantation (FMT) exerted beneficial effects on recent studies. Here, this study, we established chronic rotenone-induced mouse model evaluate protective of FMT treatment explore underlying mechanisms, which proves involvement dysbiosis pathogenesis via axis.We demonstrated induced by rotenone administration caused function impairment poor behavioral performances mice. Moreover, 16S RNA sequencing identified increase bacterial genera Akkermansia Desulfovibrio samples By contrast, remarkably restored microbial thus ameliorating dysfunctions Further experiments revealed alleviated intestinal inflammation barrier destruction, reducing levels systemic inflammation. Subsequently, attenuated blood-brain (BBB) suppressed neuroinflammation substantia nigra (SN), further decreased damage dopaminergic neurons. Additional mechanistic investigation discovered reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) colon, serum, SN, thereafter suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway its downstream pro-inflammatory products both SN colon.Our current study demonstrates can correct ameliorate model, suppression mediated LPS-TLR4 possibly plays significant role. Further, prove involved genesis Video abstract.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

384