Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(5), С. 1049 - 1091

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation other environmental factors because ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects ozone, climate on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles context Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess organisms, agriculture food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services feedbacks system. Emphasis is placed role extreme events altering exposure potential biodiversity. also address responses plants increased temporal variability radiation, change (e.g. drought, temperature) crops, driving breakdown organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) biocides (pesticides herbicides). Our assessment indicates that interact various ways affect structure function ecosystems, by protecting layer, Protocol continues play a vital maintaining healthy, diverse land sustain life Earth. Furthermore, its Kigali Amendment mitigating some negative consequences limiting emissions greenhouse gases carbon sequestration vegetation pool.

Язык: Английский

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A life-and-death struggle: interaction of insects with entomopathogenic fungi across various infection stages

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Insects constitute approximately 75% of the world’s recognized fauna, with majority species considered as pests. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are parasitic microorganisms capable efficiently infecting insects, rendering them potent biopesticides. In response to infections, insects have evolved diverse defense mechanisms, prompting EPF develop a variety strategies overcome or circumvent host defenses. While interaction mechanisms between and is well established, recent findings underscore that their interplay more intricate than previously thought, especially evident across different stages infection. This review primarily focuses on insect strategies, centered around three infection stages: (1) Early stage: involving pre-contact detection avoidance behavior in along induction behavioral responses upon contact cuticle; (2) Penetration intra-hemolymph growth initiation cellular humoral immune functions while symbiotic microbes can further contribute resistance; (3) Host insect’s death ultimate confrontation pathogens insects. Infected strive separate themselves from healthy population, rely infected spread new hosts. Also, we discuss novel pest management strategy underlying cooperation disturbing system. By enhancing our understanding insect, this provides perspectives for EPF-mediated developing effective fungal insecticides.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding bark beetle outbreaks: exploring the impact of changing temperature regimes, droughts, forest structure, and prospects for future forest pest management

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(2), С. 257 - 290

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Abstract Climate change has increased the susceptibility of forest ecosystems, resulting in escalated decline globally. As one largest biomasses Northern Hemisphere, Eurasian boreal forests are subjected to frequent drought, windthrow, and high-temperature disturbances. Over last century, bark beetle outbreaks have emerged as a major biotic threat these forests, extensive tree mortality. Despite implementing various management strategies mitigate populations reduce mortality, none been effective. Moreover, altered disturbance regimes due changing climate facilitated success attacks with shorter multivoltine life cycles, consequently inciting more beetle-caused This review explores population dynamics context change, stand dynamics, strategies. Additionally, it examines recent advancements like remote sensing canine detection infested trees focuses on cutting-edge molecular approaches including RNAi-nanoparticle complexes, RNAi-symbiotic microbes, sterile insect technique, CRISPR/Cas9-based methods. These diverse novel potential effectively address challenges associated managing beetles improving health response climate.

Язык: Английский

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A strain of Talaromyces assiutensis provides multiple protection effects against insect pests and a fungal pathogen after endophytic settlement in soybean plants

Biological Control, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105703 - 105703

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Prospects for deploying microbes against tree-killing beetles (Coleoptera) in Anthropocene

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Forests form rich biodiversity hubs that act as large reservoirs of natural carbon. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity these complex habitats forest floors provides ecological services immense socio-economic importance. However, hotspots are incessantly exposed to multifarious abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic disturbances, amongst which unpredictable pest (i.e., bark beetle) outbreak account for the loss vegetation microbiome measurable quantum. importance in forming an inseparable functional unit every host shaping its interaction with other partners has been well realized. Interestingly, pests, including beetles, also reported rely on their endosymbiotic microbial manipulate tree defense machinery. In contrast, holobiont trees regulates overall function fitness significantly contributes tackling challenging situations. Nevertheless, how directly or indirectly influence beetle is still enigma. present review shall elaborate role tools enhancing performance fitness, helps counter damage. Besides, it emphasize exploiting microorganisms acting biocontrol agents shielding against destruction. application endosymbiont-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) working two-tier specificity controlling devastations be discussed new-age technological advances. All explanations expected put forth potential toolbox offering better more sustainable management strategies future.

Язык: Английский

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Laboratory Exploration of Several Potential Biocontrol Methods Against the Ambrosia Beetle, Euwallacea interjectus

Insects, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1), С. 56 - 56

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) has recently emerged as a pest in Chinese poplar plantations, causing significant economic losses through damage to host trees association with its mutualistic fungus Fusarium populicola. This study evaluated the biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana strain B-BB-1, Serratia marcescens B-SM-1, metabolite prodigiosin, and two ectoparasitic mites, Pyemotes moseri zhonghuajia. B. exhibited lethality toward adult female E. interjectus, reduced offspring production, inhibited F. populicola growth. S. prodigiosin had certain lethal effects on larvae growth Both mites effectively parasitized pupae larvae, no differences efficacy between species. These agents demonstrate promise for biological control offering insights managing infestations.

Язык: Английский

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Possibilities of native endophytic fungi as entomopathogenic biocontrol agents at a local scale: the case of deciduous and non-deciduous Mediterranean forest trees

Journal of Forestry Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 36(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Bark beetles at a pine buffet down under: a review of Australia’s Ips grandicollis biological control program and opportunities for enhancement

Australian Forestry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Ips grandicollis is an exotic bark beetle pest of Pinus species in Australia. It typically considered a secondary pest, however, under conditions that weaken host tree defences, I. populations may rapidly increase to outbreak levels as the availability material increases. The implications infestations for pine industry include logistical pressure remove harvested logs before attack, reduced value due sap-staining, mortality from mass attacks and biosecurity sanctions live interceptions this offshore exported logs. Despite release biocontrol agents part national management project 1980s, impact these on remains unknown Australia largely relies silvicultural practices. Current methods do not adequately suppress populations, particularly when extreme abiotic biotic factors periodically susceptibility attack. To enhance ongoing control efforts, (i) we present overview 1981 1990, including considerations into its design. Further, (ii) highlight roles selected associates have demonstrated potential North America Europe occur but been fully exploited options. Finally, (iii) provide research application directions regarding predatory beetles entomopathogenic fungi, improve parasitoid utilisation using host-associated semiochemicals overall sustainable plantations.

Язык: Английский

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Selection, application, and pathogenicity of naturally occurring Beauveria bassiana strains against Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Biological Control, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105740 - 105740

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Desarrollo de un modelo experimental para el aislamiento y selección de hongos endófitos con actividad entomopatógena en el bosque mediterráneo para el control de plagas.

Cuadernos de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 51(1), С. 139 - 150

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Una metodología para la identificación y evaluación de hongos endófitos entomopatógenos en ecosistemas forestales es presentada este estudio, enfocándose su potencial como agentes control biológico plagas forestales. Para ello, se emplea el insecto modelo Tenebrio molitor evaluar patogenicidad los encontrados. Los fueron aislados tejidos diversas especies árboles mediterráneos, Quercus ilex, pyrenaica, suber Castanea sativa, posteriormente testados T. molitor. Se comparan nativos encontrados con Beauveria pseudobassiana. Al comparar pseudobassiana, observa que causan una mortalidad del 100% molitor, un tiempo letal medio (TL50) 15 días, mientras pseudobassiana presenta TL50 8 días misma tasa mortalidad. Estos hallazgos sugieren podría ser alternativa controlar potenciales dentro marco Gestión Integrada Plagas (GIP).

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