The role of macrophage subtypes and exosomes in immunomodulation

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

Abstract Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range features, involving migration, development, and organization cells. There is mounting evidence macrophage plays key role in initiation development diseases. This study aims give an overview polarization, their subtypes, importance alternatively activated M2 classically M1 responses pathological conditions. review provides insight on exosomes M1/M2-like potential as promising therapeutic candidate.

Язык: Английский

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Targeted Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes: From Basic to Clinics

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер Volume 17, С. 1757 - 1781

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Abstract: Inflammation is a beneficial and physiological process, but there are number of inflammatory diseases which have detrimental effects on the body. In addition, drugs used to treat inflammation toxic side when over long period time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pluripotent that can be isolated from variety tissues differentiate into diverse cell types under appropriate conditions. They also exhibit noteworthy anti-inflammatory properties, providing new options for treatment diseases. The therapeutic potential MSCs currently being investigated various diseases, such as kidney injury, lung osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), bowel disease (IBD). perform multiple functions, including immunomodulation, homing, differentiation, enable damaged form balanced regenerative microenvironment severe accumulated evidence indicates exosomes extracellular vesicles (MSC-Exos) play an extraordinary role, mainly by transferring their components recipient cells. this review, we summarize mechanism clinical trials MSC-Exos in detail, with view contributing Keywords: mesenchymal cells, exosome, clinic data, drug delivery, targeted therapy

Язык: Английский

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Exosome nanovesicles: A potential carrier for therapeutic delivery

Nano Today, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 49, С. 101771 - 101771

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

Exosomes are small nanosized biovesicles that form when multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane fuse released into surrounding body fluids. They best known for their multifunction in mediating intercellular communication by transferring various biomolecules, including DNA, RNAs, proteins, lipids, a short- long-distance manner have been identified as health disease messengers. Importantly, exosomes necessary physiological processes disease. The generation of depends on status disease, which usually exhibits opposite roles inducing enhanced cellular stress damage. Recently, exosome-based nanotechnologies provided unprecedented opportunities to boost developments exosome-related biology, chemistry, pathology, therapeutics different diseases based unique structural/compositional/morphological characteristics next-generation nanomedicines. Herein, we provide comprehensive overview recent advances exosome nanotechnology research, classification, isolation preparation, constitution, biological function, nanobiomedical applications treatment diagnosis. Furthermore, future prospects were also concluded. This review will more inspiration promoting development advanced theranostic nanoplatforms nanotechnology.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes and Their Bioengineering Strategies in the Cutaneous Wound Healing and Related Complications: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(5), С. 1430 - 1454

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Exosomes, as therapeutically relevant cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, have attracted enormous interest because they participate in intercellular communication and facilitate wound healing.Stem cell-derived exosomes exhibit similar biological effects to source cells with the exception of low immunogenicity no tumorigenicity, well superior efficacy promoting healing.Exosomes accelerate healing by angiogenesis cell proliferation, balancing inflammatory responses.Particularly, when are genetically modified or used combination materials, can better comprehensive therapeutic properties, such enriching active ingredients, targeted delivery, physiological barrier penetration, which not available traditional single products.Besides, also been considered for diagnostic uses related wounds, repairing complex enhancing graft success, treating complications, serving biomarkers.However, their clinical applications still face challenges, reliable commercial products yet available.This review will focus on recent research advances that describe characteristics isolation exosomes, introduce sources suitable repair illustrate value engineered development directions future, provide evidence potential application healing, discuss risks, solutions future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(3), С. 687 - 687

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that causes systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and abnormalities result in permanent disability. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles found mammals (40–100 nm). They transporter of lipids, proteins, genetic material involved mammalian cell–cell signaling, biological processes, cell signaling. have been identified as playing role rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation (RA). Uniquely functioning vesicles (EVs) responsible for the transport autoantigens mediators between distant cells. In addition, paracrine factors, such exosomes, modulate immunomodulatory function mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). addition to transporting information, exosomes convey miRNAs studied drug delivery vehicles. animal models, it has observed MSCs secrete EVs with properties, promising results this area. By understanding diversity exosomal contents their corresponding targets, may be possible diagnose autoimmune diseases. can employed diagnostic biomarkers immunological disorders. We here discuss most recent findings regarding diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic potential these nanoparticles provide an overview evidence pertaining biology RA.

Язык: Английский

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Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 1127 - 1127

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

In recent years, there has been an increase in deaths due to infectious diseases, most notably the context of viral respiratory pathogens. Consequently, focus shifted search for new therapies, with attention being drawn use nanoparticles mRNA vaccines targeted delivery improve efficacy these vaccines. Notably, vaccine technologies denote as a era vaccination their rapid, potentially inexpensive, and scalable development. Although they do not pose risk integration into genome are produced from elements, challenges, including exposing naked mRNAs extracellular endonucleases. Therefore, development nanotechnology, we can further efficacy. Nanoparticles, nanometer dimensions, move more freely body and, small size, have unique physical chemical properties. The best candidates transfer lipid (LNPs), which stable biocompatible contain four components: cationic lipids, ionizable polyethylene glycols (PEGs), cholesterol, used facilitate cytoplasmic delivery. this article, components system mRNA-LNP against lung infections such influenza, coronavirus, syncytial virus reviewed. Moreover, provide succinct overview current challenges potential future directions field.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 123 - 123

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2024

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate diverse range biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising diagnostic markers precise drug delivery cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis exosomal content biogenesis offers crucial insights into molecular profile tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential development therapies strategies Despite notable progress field, challenges standardization cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative maximize advance field precision medicine benefit patients.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding exosomes: Part 2—Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine

Periodontology 2000, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 94(1), С. 257 - 414

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with ability to communicate other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due their be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications currently being published yearly on this topic, number is only expected dramatically increase novel strategies continue developed. Today exosomes have been applied numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's post‐traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID‐19, hepatitis), procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental dermatology/skin erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord vascular regeneration), cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review first its kind aimed at summarizing extensive potential broad range disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer treatment and diagnosis

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 169, С. 103565 - 103565

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy in the brain tumors

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2022

Abstract Brain tumors are one of the most mortal cancers, leading to many deaths among kids and adults. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy available options for brain tumor treatment. However, these methods not able eradicate cancer cells. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is important barriers treat that prevents adequate drug delivery tissue. connection between different parts heterogeneous causes challenges in Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate have anti-tumor effects by delivering cytotoxic compounds. They contain very high regenerative properties, as well support immune system. MSCs-based therapy involves cell replacement releases various vesicles, including exosomes. Exosomes receive more attention due their excellent stability, less immunogenicity toxicity compare derived from MSCs can develop a powerful therapeutic strategy diseases be hopeful candidate cell-based cell-free medicine. These nanoparticles nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, microRNAs, other biologically active substances. Many studies show each microRNA prevent angiogenesis, migration, metastasis glioblastoma. exosomes can—act suitable nanoparticle carrier applications passing through BBB. In this review, we discuss potential MSC produced treatment tumors.

Язык: Английский

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