Among
molecular
biologists,
the
group
of
fungi
called
Saccharomycotina
is
famous
for
its
yeasts.
These
yeasts
in
turn
are
what
they
have
common-genetic,
biochemical,
and
cell-biological
characteristics
that
serve
as
models
plants
animals.
But
behind
apparent
homogeneity
species
lie
a
wealth
differences.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
traits
vary
across
subphylum.
We
describe
cases
bright
pigmentation;
zoo
cell
shapes;
metabolic
specialties;
with
unique
rules
gene
regulation.
genetics
diversity
why
it
matters,
including
insights
into
basic
evolutionary
principles
relevance
Eukarya.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
68(1), С. 231 - 256
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2022
Stingless
bees
form
perennial
colonies
of
honey-making
insects.
The
>600
species
stingless
bees,
mainly
Neotropical,
live
throughout
tropical
latitudes.
Foragers
influence
floral
biology,
plant
reproduction,
microbe
dispersal,
and
diverse
ecosystem
functions.
As
forest
residents
since
the
upper
Cretaceous,
they
have
had
a
long
evolutionary
history
without
competition
from
honey
bees.
Most
are
smaller
than
any
Apis
recruit
nest
mates
to
resources,
while
their
defense
strategies
exclude
stinging
behavior
but
incorporate
biting.
diversified
ecologically;
excel
in
nesting
site
selection
mutualisms
with
plants,
arthropods,
microbes;
display
opportunism,
including
co-opting
defenses.
biology
becomes
better
known,
applications
human
endeavors
imposing
selective
pressures
exploitation
approaches
conservation
that
entail
colony
extraction
wildlands.
Although
some
meliponines
can
adjust
new
conditions,
populations
shall
require
diversity
for
survival
reproduction.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
99(8)
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023
Abstract
Bee–fungus
associations
are
common,
and
while
most
studies
focus
on
entomopathogens,
emerging
evidence
suggests
that
bees
associate
with
a
variety
of
symbiotic
fungi
can
influence
bee
behavior
health.
Here,
we
review
nonpathogenic
fungal
taxa
associated
different
species
bee-related
habitats.
We
synthesize
results
examining
effects
behavior,
development,
survival,
fitness.
find
communities
differ
across
habitats,
some
groups
restricted
mostly
to
flowers
(Metschnikowia),
others
present
almost
exclusively
in
stored
provisions
(Zygosaccharomyces).
Starmerella
yeasts
found
multiple
habitats
association
many
species.
Bee
widely
the
abundance
identity
hosted.
Functional
suggest
affect
foraging,
pathogen
interactions,
though
few
have
been
examined
this
context.
Rarely,
obligately
beneficial
symbionts
bees,
whereas
facultative
associates
unknown
or
ecologically
contextual
effects.
Fungicides
reduce
alter
potentially
disrupting
bee–fungi
associations.
recommend
future
study
non-honeybee
examine
life
stages
document
composition,
abundance,
mechanistic
bees.
Yeast,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
40(11), С. 511 - 539
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Abstract
Tropical
rainforests
and
related
biomes
are
found
in
Asia,
Australia,
Africa,
Central
South
America,
Mexico,
many
Pacific
Islands.
These
encompass
less
than
20%
of
Earth's
terrestrial
area,
may
contain
about
50%
the
planet's
biodiversity,
endangered
regions
vulnerable
to
deforestation.
have
a
great
diversity
substrates
that
can
be
colonized
by
yeasts.
unicellular
fungi
contribute
recycling
organic
matter,
serve
as
food
source
for
other
organisms,
or
ecological
interactions
benefit
harm
plants,
animals,
fungi.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
most
important
studies
yeast
biodiversity
carried
out
these
biomes,
well
new
data,
discuss
ecology
genera
frequently
isolated
from
tropical
forests
potential
microorganisms
bioinnovation.
We
show
forest
represent
tremendous
species.
Although
studies,
using
culture‐dependent
methods,
already
been
Africa
Australasia
remain
an
underexplored
novel
hope
review
will
encourage
researchers
study
yeasts
unexplored
habitats.
Molecular Systems Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
17(10)
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021
Yeasts
are
known
to
have
versatile
metabolic
traits,
while
how
these
traits
evolved
has
not
been
elucidated
systematically.
We
performed
integrative
evolution
analysis
investigate
genomic
determines
trait
generation
by
reconstructing
genome-scale
models
(GEMs)
for
332
yeasts.
These
GEMs
could
comprehensively
characterize
diversity
and
predict
enzyme
functionality,
thereby
signifying
that
sequence-level
shaped
reaction
networks
towards
new
functions.
Strikingly,
using
GEMs,
we
can
mechanistically
map
different
evolutionary
events,
e.g.
horizontal
gene
transfer
duplication,
onto
relevant
subpathways
explain
plasticity.
This
demonstrates
family
expansion
promiscuity
prominent
mechanisms
gains,
GEM
simulations
reveal
additional
factors,
such
as
loss
from
distant
pathways,
contribute
losses.
Furthermore,
our
pinpoint
specific
genes
pathways
under
positive
selection
the
formulation
of
complex
i.e.
thermotolerance
Crabtree
effect.
Our
findings
illustrate
multidimensional
in
both
network
structure
individual
enzymes
drives
phenotypic
variations.
The
evolutionary
rates
of
functionally
related
genes
often
covary.
We
present
a
gene
coevolution
network
inferred
from
examining
nearly
3
million
orthologous
pairs
332
budding
yeast
species
spanning
~400
years
evolution.
Network
modules
provide
insight
into
cellular
and
genomic
structure
function.
Examination
the
phenotypic
impact
perturbation
using
deletion
mutant
data
baker's
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(5), С. 880 - 880
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024
This
study
investigated
the
main
microbial
groups
characterizing
interior
surface
of
oak
barrels
from
different
years
(1890,
1895,
1920,
1975,
2008)
used
in
production
vino
cotto.
The
yeasts
were
characterized
for
following
properties:
γ-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA)
production,
antioxidant
activity,
air–liquid
interfacial
biofilm
formation,
and
anthocyanin
adsorption
capacity.
Community-level
physiological
profile
analysis
revealed
that
communities
inside
tested
carbon
sources
manners.
yeast
species
identified:
Millerozyma
farinosa,
Zygosaccharomyces
bisporus,
Wickerhamiella
versatilis,
bailii,
Starmerella
lactis-condensi,
rouxii.
All
strains
able
to
produce
GABA,
S.
Z.
bisporus
rouxii
highest
producers
(more
than
600
mg/L).
bailii
showed
activity.
Only
seven
out
ten
M.
farinosa
formed
biofilm.
None
adsorbed
anthocyanins
on
their
cell
wall.
other
a
strain-dependent
way,
was
observed
W.
versatilis
strains.
isolated
this
could
be
increase
functional
properties
quality
fermented
foods
beverages.
