This
study
tested
whether
isotope
measurements
of
surface
water
and
dissolved
constituents
in
could
be
used
as
tracers
non-point
source
pollution.
Oxygen-18
was
a
tracer,
while
carbon-14,
carbon-13,
deuterium
were
DOC.
Carbon-14
carbon-13
also
inorganic
carbon,
chlorine-36
uranium
isotopes
other
salts.
In
addition,
large
databases
quality
assembled
for
the
Missouri
River
at
St.
Louis
Sacramento-San
Joaquin
Delta
California
to
enhance
interpretive
results
measurements.
Much
data
has
been
under-interpreted
provides
valuable
resource
investigative
research,
which
this
report
exploits
integrates
with
Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,
Год журнала:
1990,
Номер
67(2), С. 103 - 109
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 1990
Abstract
High
performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC)
may
be
used
for
analysis
of
municipal
wasterwater
containing
ethoxylated
alcohol
surfactants.
After
cleanup
the
sample
by
XAD‐2
resin,
liquid‐liquid
extraction,
ion
exchange
and
cobalt
thiocyanate
surfactant
is
derivatized
with
phenyl
isocyanate
to
permit
UV
detection
analyzed
both
normal
phase
reversedphase
HPLC.
The
alkyl
chain
length
distribution
determined
using
reversed‐phase
HPLC,
while
ethoxy
limit
quantification
0.1
ppm.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2000,
Номер
34(11), С. 2305 - 2310
Опубликована: Май 4, 2000
Studies
were
conducted
which
used
the
ozone/hydrogen
peroxide
(O3/H2O2)
advanced
oxidation
process
to
pretreat
three
classes
of
compounds
prior
aerobic
biological
treatment.
The
study
included
ethylene
oxide/propylene
oxide
(EO/PO)
block
copolymers,
polypropylene
glycols
(PPGs),
linear
secondary
alcoholethoxylates
(LSAEs),
and
alkylphenolethoxylates
(APEs).
After
preoxidation
with
ozone
hydrogen
(added
at
their
stoichiometric
ratio),
300
mg/L
as
COD
samples
bioassayed
in
batch
bioassays
a
mixed
liquor
suspended
solids
concentration
1500
mg/L.
It
was
found
that
unoxidized
polypropylated
(EO/PO
copolymers
PPGs)
LSAEs
tended
be
biorecalcitrant,
while
(APEs)
partially
biodegradable.
Increasing
oxidant
dosages
(i.e.,
plus
peroxide)
consistently
increased
both
rate
extent
biodegradation
these
exception
NP(EO)5,
initially
decreased
biodegradability
upon
oxidation.
Oxidant
required
enhance
varied
significantly
between
within
surfactant.
For
example,
average
reach
an
85%
DOC
removal
0.3
mg
O3/mg
compound
(plus
H2O2)
for
LSAEs,
1.0
mg/mg
EO/PO
PPGs,
5.0
APEs,
respectively.
Journal of Environmental Quality,
Год журнала:
2004,
Номер
33(3), С. 920 - 929
Опубликована: Май 1, 2004
ABSTRACT
A
study
of
the
desorption
atrazine
(1‐chloro‐3‐ethylamino‐5‐isopropylamino‐2,4,6‐triazine)
and
linuron
[1‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)urea]
adsorbed
on
soils
with
different
organic
matter
(OM)
clay
contents
was
conducted
in
water
presence
non‐ionic
surfactant
Triton
X‐100
at
concentrations.
The
aim
to
gain
insight
into
soil
characteristics
surfactant‐enhanced
herbicides
from
soils.
Adsorption
isotherms
water,
all
solutions
for
atrazine,
0.75
times
critical
micelle
concentration
(cmc)
1.50cmc
fit
Freundlich
equation.
All
showed
hysteresis.
Hysteresis
coefficients
decreased
increased
or
solutions.
These
variations
were
dependent
OM
contents.
In
soil–water–surfactant
system
always
greater
than
soil–water
but
this
only
occurred
concentrations
higher
50cmc.
For
highest
(100cmc),
most
hydrophobic
herbicide
(linuron)
more
18‐fold
respect
an
content
10.3%
while
3‐fold.
effect
both
very
low
a
high
content.
results
indicate
potential
use
facilitate
these
water–surfactant
system.
They
also
contribute
better
understanding
interactions
molecules
surfaces
complex
soil–herbicide–water
Journal of Applied Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2004,
Номер
96(3), С. 630 - 640
Опубликована: Март 1, 2004
The
aims
were
to
test
whether
Parvibaculum
lavamentivoransT
degraded
commercial
linear
alkylbenzenesulphonate
(LAS)
surfactant
via
omega-oxygenation
and
beta-oxidation
sulphophenylcarboxylates
(SPCs),
the
organism
was
widespread
reisolable,
degradative
community
used
4-sulphocatechol
1,2-dioxygenase
cleave
aromatic
ring
from
LAS.Heterotrophic
P.
converted
LAS
(side
chain
length
C10-C13)
SPCs
(C4-C13),
alpha,beta-unsaturated
(C4-C13)
sulphophenyldicarboxylates
(SPdCs)
(at
least
C8-C12).
Identifications
came
high
performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC)
separation,
an
electrospray
interface
mass
spectrometry.
No
evidence
for
other
paths
found.
degradation
of
in
trickling
filters
inoculated
with
environmental
samples
always
showed
transient
SPC
intermediates
presence
lavamentivorans
morphotype
community.
One
new
isolate
obtained.
A
able
mineralize
contained
4-sulphocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase
at
specific
activity.Parvibaculum
degrades
omega-oxygenation,
oxidation
shortening
through
yield
a
wide
range
SPCs.
latter
are
bacterial
communities
which
contain
organisms
like
lavamentivorans,
utilize
sulphocatechol
dioxygenase
cleavage.There
is
one
pathway
degrade
LAS.
Any
traces
larger
amounts
effluent
sewage
works
exposed
acclimated
pristine
environments.
These
reactions
can
now
be
studied
pure
cultures.
