The Global Dilemma of Soil Legacy Phosphorus and Its Improvement Strategies under Recent Changes in Agro-Ecosystem Sustainability

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(26), С. 23271 - 23282

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023

Phosphorus (P) is one of the six key elements in plant nutrition and effectively plays a vital role all major metabolic activities. It an essential nutrient for plants linked to human food production. Although abundantly present both organic inorganic forms soil, more than 40% cultivated soils are commonly deficient P concentration. Then, inadequacy challenge sustainable farming system improve production increasing population. expected that whole world population will rise 9 billion by 2050 and, therefore, it necessary at same time agricultural strategies broadly expand up 80% 90% handling global dilemma which has affected environment climatic changes. Furthermore, phosphate rock annually produced about 5 million metric tons fertilizers per year. About 9.5 Mt phosphorus enters through crops animals such as milk, egg, meat, fish then utilized, 3.5 physically consumed Various new techniques current practices said be improving P-deficient environments, might help meet requirements However, 4.4% 3.4% dry biomass wheat chickpea, respectively, were increased under intercropping practices, was higher monocropping system. A wide range studies showed green manure crops, especially legumes, soil-available content soil. noted inoculation arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could decrease recommended fertilizer rate nearly 80%. Agricultural management soil legacy use include maintaining pH liming, crop rotation, intercropping, planting cover consumption modern fertilizers, addition efficient varieties with P-solubilizing microorganisms. Therefore, exploring residual imperative reduce demand industrial while promoting long-term sustainability on scale.

Язык: Английский

---

Exploring the recuperative potential of brassinosteroids and nano-biochar on growth, physiology, and yield of wheat under drought stress

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Drought stress as a result of rapidly changing climatic conditions has direct negative impact on crop production especially wheat which is the 2nd staple food crop. To fulfill nutritional demand under declining water resources, there dire need to adopt precise, and efficient approach in form different amendments. In this regard, present study investigated nano-biochar (NBC) brassinosteroids (BR) enhancing growth productivity drought conditions. The field comprised combinations amendments (control, NBC, BR, NBC + BR) three irrigation levels (D0, D1 D2). Among treatments, synergistic (NBC resulted maximum increase yield parameters normal well With BR), plant height (71.7 cm), spike length (17.1), number fertile tillers m-2 (410), no. spikelets spike-1 (19.1), grains (37.9), 1000 grain weight (37 g), (4079 kg ha-1), biological (10,502 harvest index (43.5). case physiological such leaf area index, relative contents, chlorophyll stomatal conductance were maximally improved with combined application BR. same treatment caused an 54, 10, 7% N, P, K contents grains, respectively compared control treatment. Similarly, antioxidant response was enhanced plants conclusion, BR significant growth, attributes stress.

Язык: Английский

---

Bacterial-Mediated Salinity Stress Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.): A Fortunate Way toward Sustainable Agriculture

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(23), С. 20471 - 20487

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Sustainable agriculture is threatened by salinity stress because of the low yield quality and crop production. Rhizobacteria that promote plant growth modify physiological molecular pathways to support development reduce abiotic stresses. The recent study aimed assess tolerance capacity impacts Bacillus sp. PM31 on growth, physiological, responses maize stress. In comparison uninoculated plants, inoculation improved agro-morphological traits [shoot length (6%), root (22%), height (16%), fresh weight (39%), dry (29%), leaf area (11%)], chlorophyll [Chl a (17%), Chl b (37%), total chl (22%)], carotenoids (15%), proteins (40%), sugars (43%), relative water (11%), flavonoids phenols (23%), radical scavenging (13%), antioxidants. PM31-inoculated plants showed reduction in oxidative indicators [electrolyte leakage (12%), H2O2 (9%), MDA (32%)] as compared under increased level osmolytes [free amino acids (36%), glycine betaine proline (11%)]. enhancement was further validated profiling PM31. Moreover, these mechanisms were accompanied upregulation stress-related genes (APX SOD). Our found has crucial substantial role reducing through processes, which may be used an alternative approach boost production yield.

Язык: Английский

---

Seed Priming Modulates Physiological and Agronomic Attributes of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Induced Polyethylene Glycol Osmotic Stress

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(25), С. 22788 - 22808

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2023

Drought and osmotic stresses are major threats to agricultural crops as they affect plants during their life cycle. The seeds more susceptible these germination establishment of seedlings. To cope with abiotic stresses, various seed priming techniques have broadly been used. present study aimed assess under stress. Osmo-priming chitosan (1 2%), hydro-priming distilled water, thermo-priming at 4 °C were used on the physiology agronomy

Язык: Английский

---

The impact of Cu-polluted and organic soil on the fibrous plant; insights into plant growth promotion, antioxidant defences system, and oxidative stress

Functional Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(8), С. 623 - 632

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Copper (Cu) is an abundant essential micronutrient element in various rocks and minerals required for a variety of metabolic processes both prokaryotes eukaryotes. However, excess Cu can disturb normal development by adversely affecting biochemical reactions physiological plants. organic soil rich micronutrients assist plants to tolerate toxicity promoting growth biomass. This study explored the potential Cu-contaminated on fibrous jute (Corchorus capsularis). Plants were grown soil, natural (normal soil) 60 days, we studied different growth, ultra-structure alterations plant. Results showed that addition acid remarkable increase seed germination, plant height, fresh biomass, photosynthetic pigment gas exchange parameters, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration tissues when compared soil. In contrast, significantly (P < 0.05) increased MDA content, proline activities antioxidant compounds; i.e. peroxidase (POD) superoxidase dismutase (SOD). addition, also destroyed many membrane bounded organelles especially chloroplast, which was revealed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We concluded affected attributes C. capsularis, while

Язык: Английский

---

Mitigation effect of alpha-tocopherol and thermo-priming in Brassica napus L. under induced mercuric chloride stress

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Abstract Soil pollution with heavy metals has grown to be a big hassle, leading the loss in farming production particularly developing countries like Pakistan, where no proper channel is present for irrigation and extraction of these toxic metals. The study aims ameliorate damages caused by metal ions (Hg-Mercury) on rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) via growth regulator (α-tocopherol 150 mg/L) thermopriming technique at 4 °C 50 maintain plant agronomical physiological characteristics. In pot experiments, we designed total 11 treatments viz.( T0 (control), T1 (Hg4ppm), T2 (Hg8ppm), T3 (Hg4ppm + °C), T4 tocopherol (150 m/L)), T5 T6 mg/L)), T7 (Hg8ppm T8 T9 T10 results revealed that chlorophyll content p < 0.05 antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, malondialdehyde enhanced up maximum level = Hg4ppm (50 under ppm mercuric chloride stress), suggesting high temperature initiate system reduce photosystem damage. However, protein, proline, superoxide dismutase 0.05, carotenoid, soluble sugar, ascorbate peroxidase were increased non-significantly > 0.05) 8 stress (T9 Hg8ppm °C) representing tolerance selected specie synthesizing osmolytes resist oxidation mechanism. Furthermore, reduction % MC (moisture content) easily improved foliar application α-tocopherol mg/L), remarkable increase vigor germination energy. It resulted inhibitory effect only lower concentration (4 ppm) was ameliorated exogenous levels proline activities maintaining seedling development contaminated soil.

Язык: Английский

---

Biochar and Seed Priming Technique with Gallic Acid: An Approach toward Improving Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Features of Solanum melongena L. under Induced NaCl and Boron Stresses

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(31), С. 28207 - 28232

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Dynamic shifts in climatic patterns increase soil salinity and boron levels, which are the major abiotic factors that affect plant growth secondary metabolism. The present study assessed role of regulators, including biochar (5 g kg–1) gallic acid (GA, 2 mM), altering leaf morpho-anatomical physiological responses Solanum melongena L. exposed to (25 mg stresses (150 mM NaCl). These regulators enhanced fresh weight (LFW) (70%), dry (LDW) (20%), area (LA), index (LAI) (85%), moisture content (LMC) (98%), relative water (RWC) (115%) under stresses. Physiological attributes were analyzed determine stress levels antioxidant protection. Photosynthetic pigments negatively affected by along with a nonsignificant reduction trehalose, GA, osmoprotectant, catalase (CAT) ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. parameters improved application presoaking seeds GA (p < 0.05) both varieties S. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) light revealed stomatal regulation, trichome density, epidermal vigor, stomata size (SS) (13 381 μm), (SI) (354 mm2), upper epidermis thickness (UET) (123 lower (LET) (153 cuticle (CT) (11.4 density (TD) (23 per vein islet number (VIN) (14 termination (VTN) (19 midrib (MT) (5546 TD (27.4 mm2) results indicate use inexpensive easily available seed priming can improve oxidative conditions.

Язык: Английский

---

Maximizing wheat yield through soil quality enhancement: A combined approach with Azospirillum brasilense and bentonite

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. 100321 - 100321

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2023

Maintaining soil fertility to obtain higher crop production is essential for food security and sustainability. Soil amendments not only improve but also enhance plant growth. Azospirillum brasilense an important growth-promoting rhizobacteria participating in the progression of wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield; however, how it works bentonite enhancing clear yet. To investigate combined applications bentonite, a planned experiment was performed wirehouse. Through studying various agronomic, physiological, soil-related parameters, found that sole application more beneficial as compared ben-tonite. Bentonite at 10 g kg−1 growth status 5 soil. Co-application increases grain yield by 42%, LAI 20.2%, Stomatal conductance up 13.88%. The resulting increase due organic matter contents, microbial activities, hormones production, availability water

Язык: Английский

---

Physiological and Germination Responses of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds to Varying Osmotic Potentials and Cardinal Temperatures via a Hydrothermal Time Model

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(37), С. 33266 - 33279

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Climatic changes have a direct negative impact on the growth, development, and productivity of crops. The water potential (ψ) temperature (T) are important limiting factors that influence rate seed germination growth indices. To examine how responds to in temperature, hydrotime model hydrothermal (HTT) been employed. HTT calculates concept time across temperatures, between Tb-To, with alteration, Tb-Tc, supra-optimal ranges. seeds Cucumis melo L. were germinated laboratory for hydro-thermal experiment. Seeds sown Petri dishes containing double-layered filter paper at different osmotic potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 MPa) by providing PEG 6000 (drought stress enhancer) temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C). controlled replicate was treated 10 mL distilled rest solution. Results indicated vigor index (SVI-II) highest 15 °C 0 MPa lowest 30 -0.2 MPa. However, activity shown catalase (CAT) guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) (-0.6 MPa), while values CAT GPX recorded control °C, respectively. Germination energy positively correlated (GI), percentage (G%), index, index-I (SVI-I), mean moisture content (MMC), root shoot ratio (RSR) had correlation rate, percent root, CAT, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, GPX. In conclusion, thermal models correctly predicted muskmelon response varying temperature. agronomic attributes found be maximum minimum °C.

Язык: Английский

---

Perspective Chapter: The Role of Biochar in Soil Amelioration

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Many techniques have been employed in restoring the health of physically, chemically and biologically degraded soils. Some these are expensive, time consuming may involve soil excavation or chemical treatments with numerous washes some cases. There is a novel technique that cheap, can restore properties soil, mitigate climate change sequestrate carbon soil. That biochar technology. In this review, we’ll look at technology as an ameliorant improving impoverished Biochar carbon-rich substance produced when biomass (feedstock) subjected to thermal decomposition process under limited oxygen called pyrolysis. be used ameliorate acidity alkalinity depending on feedstock. It has advantages such increasing cation exchange capacity, nutrient inoculated specific organisms for pollutant breakdown acts habitat naturally occurring microbes; by binding pollutants through bioaccumulation, sorption, electrostatic attraction precipitation, it remediation agent. However, feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, heating period all affect its biological processes.

Язык: Английский

---