Psychological Review,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
128(2), С. 336 - 361
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2020
We
demonstrate
through
theoretical,
empirical,
and
sociocultural
evidence
that
the
concept
of
impulsivity
fails
basic
requirements
a
psychological
construct
should
be
rejected
as
such.
Impulsivity
(or
impulsiveness)
currently
holds
central
place
in
theory,
research,
clinical
practice
is
considered
multifaceted
concept.
However,
falls
short
theoretical
specifications
for
hypothetical
constructs
by
having
meaning
not
compatible
with
psychometric,
neuroscience,
data.
Psychometric
findings
indicate
impulsive
traits
behaviors
(e.g.,
response
inhibition,
delay
discounting)
are
largely
uncorrelated
fail
to
load
onto
single,
superordinate
latent
variable.
Modern
neuroscience
has
also
failed
identify
specific
neurobehavioral
mechanism
underlying
instead
found
separate
neurochemical
systems
loci
contribute
variety
types.
Clinically,
these
different
types
show
diverging
distinct
pathways
processes
relating
behavioral
psychosocial
health.
The
predictive
validity
sensitivity
measures
pharmacological,
behavioral,
cognitive
interventions
vary
based
on
type
evaluated
condition
examined.
Conflation
personality
mechanisms
under
single
umbrella
ultimately
increases
likelihood
misunderstanding
at
level
facilitates
misled
hypothesizing
artificial
inconsistencies
translation.
strongly
recommend
that,
this
comprehensive
evidence,
scientists
neuroscientists
reject
language
favor
focus
several
well-defined
empirically
supported
factors
purported
cover.
(PsycInfo
Database
Record
(c)
2021
APA,
all
rights
reserved).
Annual Review of Psychology,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
67(1), С. 23 - 50
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2015
A
decade
ago,
we
hypothesized
that
drug
addiction
can
be
viewed
as
a
transition
from
voluntary,
recreational
use
to
compulsive
drug-seeking
habits,
neurally
underpinned
by
prefrontal
cortical
striatal
control
over
seeking
and
taking
well
progression
the
ventral
dorsal
striatum.
Here,
in
light
of
burgeoning,
supportive
evidence,
reconsider
elaborate
this
hypothesis,
particular
refinements
our
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
goal-directed
habitual
seeking,
influence
drug-associated
Pavlovian-conditioned
stimuli
on
relapse,
evidence
for
impairments
top-down
inhibitory
behavior.
We
further
review
animal
human
studies
have
begun
define
etiological
factors
individual
differences
propensity
become
addicted
drugs,
leading
description
endophenotypes,
especially
cocaine
addiction.
consider
prospect
novel
treatments
promote
abstinence
relapse
use.
Computers in Human Behavior,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
63, С. 9 - 18
Опубликована: Май 13, 2016
Smartphones
allow
people
to
connect
with
others
from
almost
anywhere
at
any
time.
However,
there
is
growing
concern
that
smartphones
may
actually
sometimes
detract,
rather
than
complement,
social
interactions.
The
term
“phubbing”
represents
the
act
of
snubbing
someone
in
a
setting
by
concentrating
on
one’s
phone
instead
talking
person
directly.
current
study
was
designed
examine
some
psychological
antecedents
and
consequences
phubbing
behavior.
We
examined
contributing
roles
Internet
addiction,
fear
missing
out,
self-control,
smartphone
how
frequency
behavior
being
phubbed
both
lead
perception
normative.
results
revealed
self-control
predicted
which
turn
extent
phub.
This
path
also
feel
normative,
via
(a)
are
themselves,
(b)
independently.
Further,
gender
moderated
relationship
between
their
present
findings
suggest
an
important
factor
modern
communication
warrants
further
investigation.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
68(3), С. 816 - 871
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2016
The
nucleus
accumbens
is
a
major
input
structure
of
the
basal
ganglia
and
integrates
information
from
cortical
limbic
structures
to
mediate
goal-directed
behaviors.
Chronic
exposure
several
classes
drugs
abuse
disrupts
plasticity
in
this
region,
allowing
drug-associated
cues
engender
pathologic
motivation
for
drug
seeking.
A
number
alterations
glutamatergic
transmission
occur
within
after
withdrawal
chronic
exposure.
These
drug-induced
neuroadaptations
serve
as
molecular
basis
relapse
vulnerability.
In
review,
we
focus
on
role
that
glutamate
signal
transduction
plays
addiction-related
First,
explore
accumbens,
including
cell
types
neuronal
populations
present
well
afferent
efferent
connections.
Next
discuss
rodent
models
addiction
assess
viability
these
testing
candidate
pharmacotherapies
prevention
relapse.
Then
provide
review
literature
describing
how
synaptic
altered
also
pharmacological
manipulation
systems
can
inhibit
seeking
laboratory
setting.
Finally,
examine
results
clinical
trials
which
designed
manipulate
have
been
effective
treating
human
patients.
Further
elucidation
alter
will
be
necessary
development
new
therapeutics
treatment
across
all
addictive
substances.
CNS Spectrums,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
19(1), С. 69 - 89
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2014
Impulsivity
and
compulsivity
represent
useful
conceptualizations
that
involve
dissociable
cognitive
functions,
which
are
mediated
by
neuroanatomically
neurochemically
distinct
components
of
cortico-subcortical
circuitry.
The
constructs
were
historically
viewed
as
diametrically
opposed,
with
impulsivity
being
associated
risk-seeking
harm-avoidance.
However,
they
increasingly
recognized
to
be
linked
shared
neuropsychological
mechanisms
involving
dysfunctional
inhibition
thoughts
behaviors.
In
this
article,
we
selectively
review
new
developments
in
the
investigation
neurocognition
humans,
order
advance
our
understanding
pathophysiology
impulsive,
compulsive,
addictive
disorders
indicate
directions
for
research.
