Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2013,
Номер
33(35), С. 13989 - 14000
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2013
Drug-associated
cues
can
acquire
powerful
motivational
control
over
the
behavior
of
addicts,
and
contribute
to
relapse
via
multiple,
dissociable
mechanisms.
Most
preclinical
models
focus
on
only
one
these
mechanisms:
ability
drug
reinforce
drug-seeking
actions
following
a
period
extinction
training.
However,
in
typically
do
not
follow
seeking
actions;
they
precede
them.
They
often
produce
by
evoking
conditioned
state
("wanting"
or
"craving")
that
instigates
and/or
invigorates
behavior.
Here
we
used
conflict-based
model
ask
whether
individual
variation
propensity
attribute
incentive
salience
reward
predicts
cocaine
cue
motivation
(craving)
for
cocaine.
Following
self-administration
training,
responding
was
curtailed
requiring
rats
cross
an
electrified
floor
take
The
subsequent
response-independent
presentation
cocaine-associated
sufficient
reinstate
behavior,
despite
continued
presence
adverse
consequence.
Importantly,
there
were
large
differences
properties
cue,
which
predicted
food
cue.
Finally,
dopamine
antagonist
injected
into
nucleus
accumbens
core
attenuated,
amphetamine
facilitated,
cue-evoked
seeking,
implicating
signaling
craving.
These
data
provide
promising
approach
studying
sources
susceptibility
due
craving
implicate
mesolimbic
this
process.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
101(2), С. 611 - 681
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2020
This
article
reviews
the
behavioral
neuroscience
of
extinction,
phenomenon
in
which
a
behavior
that
has
been
acquired
through
Pavlovian
or
instrumental
(operant)
learning
decreases
strength
when
outcome
reinforced
it
is
removed.
Behavioral
research
indicates
neither
nor
operant
extinction
depends
substantially
on
erasure
original
but
instead
new
inhibitory
primarily
expressed
context
learned,
as
exemplified
by
renewal
effect.
Although
nature
inhibition
may
differ
and
either
case
decline
responding
depend
both
generalization
decrement
correction
prediction
error.
At
neural
level,
requires
tripartite
circuit
involving
amygdala,
prefrontal
cortex,
hippocampus.
Synaptic
plasticity
amygdala
essential
for
learning,
cortical
neurons
encoding
fear
memories
involved
retrieval.
Hippocampal-prefrontal
circuits
mediate
relapse
phenomena,
including
renewal.
Instrumental
involves
distinct
ensembles
corticostriatal,
striatopallidal,
striatohypothalamic
well
their
thalamic
returns
(extinction)
excitatory
(renewal
other
phenomena)
control
over
responding.
The
field
made
significant
progress
recent
decades,
although
fully
integrated
biobehavioral
understanding
still
awaits.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
40(1), С. 2163 - 2182
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2014
Abstract
This
review
discusses
the
evidence
for
hypothesis
that
development
of
drug
addiction
can
be
understood
in
terms
interactions
between
Pavlovian
and
instrumental
learning
memory
mechanisms
brain
underlie
seeking
taking
drugs.
It
is
argued
these
behaviours
initially
are
goal‐directed,
but
increasingly
become
elicited
as
stimulus–response
habits
by
drug‐associated
conditioned
stimuli
established
conditioning.
further
compulsive
use
emerges
result
a
loss
prefrontal
cortical
inhibitory
control
over
habits.
Data
reviewed
indicate
transitions
from
to
abuse
depend
upon
shifts
ventral
dorsal
striatal
behaviour,
mediated
part
serial
connectivity
striatum
midbrain
dopamine
systems.
Only
some
individuals
lose
their
use,
importance
behavioural
impulsivity
vulnerability
trait
predicting
stimulant
animals
humans,
together
with
consideration
an
emerging
neuroendophenotype
discussed.
Finally,
potential
developing
treatments
considered
light
neuropsychological
advances
reviewed,
including
possibility
targeting
reconsolidation
extinction
reduce
influences
on
means
promoting
abstinence
preventing
relapse.
