Photocatalytic TiO2 nanomaterials as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents: Scope against blocking the SARS-COV-2 spread

Micro and Nano Engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14, С. 100100 - 100100

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2021

The whole world is struggling with current coronavirus pandemic that shows urgent need to develop novel technologies, medical innovations or innovative materials for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. mode of infection still not well known and seems spread through surface, air, water. Therefore, the surrounding environment needs be disinfected continuous function. For purpose, excellent antiviral properties, cost effective, environmental friendly practically applicable should researched. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) under ultraviolet light produces strong oxidative effect utilized as photocatalytic disinfectant in biomedical field. TiO2 based photocatalysts are effective antimicrobial/antiviral agents ambient conditions potential used even indoor inactivation bacteria/viruses. Interestingly, recent studies highlight disinfection using photocatalysts. Here, scope emerging against has been discussed view their antibacterial activities various bacteria viruses (e.g. H1N1, MNV, HSV, NDV, HCoV etc.). state development nano-photocatalysts combat viral promising any other such variants viruses, future studies.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 362, С. 577765 - 577765

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines adverse events: potential molecular mechanisms

Immunologic Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 71(3), С. 356 - 372

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled and randomized clinical trials

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023

Abstract Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been discovered within a very small duration of time as compared to the traditional way for development vaccines, which raised question about safety and efficacy approved vaccines. The purpose this study is look at effectiveness vaccine platforms incidence COVID‐19. literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, clinical trials.gov databases studies published between 1 January 2020 19 February 2022. Preferred Reporting Items Systemic Review Meta‐Analysis Statement guidelines were followed. Among 284 articles received by keywords, total 11 eligible according inclusion exclusion criteria (studies in special populations, e.g., pregnant women, paediatric patients, editorials, case reports, review articles, preclinical vitro studies) study. A 247,186 participants considered randomisation baseline, among them, 129,572 (52.42%) provided with (Intervention group) 117,614 (47.58%) placebo (Control group). pooled fold change estimation 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31, p < 0.0001) showed significant protection COVID‐19 vaccines group versus group. mRNA based, inactivated non‐replicating viral vector‐based significantly 0.08 0.06–0.10), 0.20 0.14–0.29) 0.36 0.28–0.46), respectively. Injection site discomfort fatigue most common side effect observed mRNA, vector, inactivated, protein subunit‐based All found safe efficacious but mRNA‐based be more SARS‐CoV‐2 than other platforms.

Язык: Английский

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Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines: Insights from an Immuno-Dermatological Perspective

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(9), С. 944 - 944

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2021

(1) Background: Numerous vaccines are under preclinical and clinical development for prevention of severe course lethal outcome coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In light high efficacy rates satisfactory safety profiles, some agents have already reached approval now distributed worldwide, with varying availability. Real-world data on cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain limited. (2) Methods: We performed a literature research concerning ADRs to different COVID-19 vaccines, incorporated our own experiences. (3) Results: Injection site the most frequent side effects arising from all vaccine types. Moreover, delayed may occur after several days, either as primary manifestation or flare pre-existing inflammatory dermatosis. Cutaneous be divided according their cytokine profile, based preponderance specific T-cell subsets (i.e., Th1, Th2, Th17/22, Tregs). Specific mimic immunogenic natural infection SARS-CoV-2, which is associated an abundance type I interferons. (4) Conclusions: Further studies required in order determine best suitable individual groups patients, including patients suffering chronic dermatoses.

Язык: Английский

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Antigen Presentation of mRNA-Based and Virus-Vectored SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(8), С. 848 - 848

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2021

Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has reached pandemic proportions. A number of effective vaccines have been produced, including mRNA and viral vector vaccines, are now being implemented on a large scale in order to control the pandemic. The composed Spike S1 protein encoding incorporated lipid nanoparticle stabilized by polyethylene glycol (PEG). novel many respects, cellular uptake intracellular routing, processing, secretion protein. Viral DNA sequences, SARS-CoV-2 into (attenuated) adenoviruses. antigen presentation routes MHC class I II, relation induction virus-neutralizing antibodies cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, will be reviewed. In rare cases, induce unwanted immune mediated side effects. mRNA-based may lead an anaphylactic reaction. This reaction triggered PEG. routing PEG potential context CD1 discussed. Adenovirus vector-based associated thrombocytopenic thrombosis events. anti-platelet factor 4 found these patients could generated due conformational changes relevant epitopes presented system.

Язык: Английский

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Postdischarge rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptoms following hospitalization for COVID-19: prospective follow-up by phone interviews

Rheumatology International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 12, 2021

To describe the rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptoms at hospitalization as well their persistence/severity after discharge with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to identify whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay are associated persistence these symptoms. In this single-center cohort study, comprising 300 participants, two phone interviews were conducted (2-week 1-month hospitalization) queried a standardized form. This form included other COVID-19 Considering all (musculoskeletal other), 100.0%, 86.7%, 72.0% patients reported one or more symptoms, hospitalization, 2-week, 1-month, respectively. only 92.3%, 72.7%, 56.3% any symptom The fatigue (44.3% reported), back pain (22.7%), arthralgia (22.0%), myalgia (21.0%), low (16.3%), neck (10.3%); shortness breath (26.3%), loss taste (15.0%), cough (14.0%), smell (12.3%), appetite (10.3%), headache (8.7%), sore throat (3.0%), diarrhea (1.3%), dizziness fever (0.3%) 1-month. Increasing BMI was higher odds (OR: 1.08, 1.03 1.13), 1.01 1.14), 1.07, 1.02 1.14, p = 0.012) Nearly three-quarters than half 1 month. most common fatigue, followed by pain, arthralgia, myalgia, pain. related BMI. study results increase our understanding spectrum COVID-19, which, in turn, may lead efficient better care for survivors.

Язык: Английский

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The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine – A rare trigger of autoimmune hepatitis?

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 75(5), С. 1252 - 1254

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2021

Autoimmune hepatitis developing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine: Causality or casualty?Journal of HepatologyVol. 75Issue 1PreviewSevere acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with the development autoimmune processes.1–4 Molecular mimicry suggested as a potential mechanism for these associations.1 In an in vitro study, Vojdani et al.5 showed that antibodies against spike protein S1 SARS-CoV-2 had high affinity following human tissue proteins: transglutaminase 3, 2, anti-extractable nuclear antigen, and myelin basic protein. Full-Text PDF One even several swallows do not make summerJournal 5PreviewI read interest comments to our letter by Londoño al.,1 Clayton-Chubb al.,2 Tan al.,3 McShane al.,4 Lodato al.,5 I appreciate their contribution. All authors presented similar cases (AIH) developed vaccine, exception who actually described case liver injury some features autoimmunity. We letters "Autoimmune Vaccine: casualty?" Bril al.1Bril F. Al Diffalha S. Dean M. Fettig D.M. causality casualty?.J Hepatol. 2021; 75: 222-224https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.003Abstract Full Text PubMed Scopus (149) Google Scholar May be casuality" Rocco al.2Rocco A. Sgamato C. Compare D. Nardone G. may casuality.J 728-729https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.038Abstract (68) which highlight hypothesis COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines might increase risk diseases. There are growing reports diseases infection, including Guillain-Barré primary biliary cholangitis.3Bartoli Gitto Sighinolfi P. Cursaro Andreone Primary cholangitis infection.J 74: 1245-1246https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.006Abstract (27) It is speculated can disturb self-tolerance trigger responses through cross-reactivity host cells mRNA same response.4Lui Y. Sawalha A.H. Lu Q. diseases.Curr Opin Rheumatol. March 1 https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0000000000000776Crossref (312) Scholar,5Velikova T. Georgiev amidst crisis.Rheumatol Int. January 30 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04792-9Crossref (113) report further vaccination. Our patient 71-year-old Caucasian female. Background history was significant cholecystectomy 20 years previously, left total hip replacement osteoarthritis knees. were no factors disease. She on regular medications supplements. received Moderna vaccine 16th April 2021. During 24-hour period around vaccination she took g paracetamol. Four days post noticed jaundice. attended her carer 26th (+10 vaccination). Laboratory results markedly abnormal (bilirubin 270 μmol/L, alkaline phosphatase 217 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 1,067 U/L). promptly referred hepatology services. On physical examination jaundiced. negative B, C, E, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus HIV. Hepatitis A IgG positive IgM. Smooth muscle antibody strongly titre 2,560 anti-actin pattern. Total raised at 21.77 g/L. Liver ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography computer tomography pancreas protocol distal common bile duct dilation 1.4 cm consistent prior cholecystectomy. receipt autoantibodies rising profile 332 1,143 aspartate 1,469 237 U/L international normalized ratio 1.4), steroids commenced 4th biopsy performed day. Up portal tracts present, each expanded marked polymorphous inflammatory cell infiltrate plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils PASD-positive ceroid laden macrophages; interface present continuous most tracts, portal-portal portal-central bridging necrosis (Fig. 1A–C). The findings compatible AIH, however drugs, toxins infections could ruled out aetiological agents. Since discharge from hospital remains well biochemistry continued improve tapering course prednisolone 1D). number similarities between previously own. Firstly, there short interval symptom onset all cases. response first case, Capecchi al.6Capecchi P.L. Lazzerini P.E. Brillanti Comment casualty?".J 994-995https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.039Abstract (12) questioned whether this too develop necessary immune activation. indeed when compared established causatives agents drug-induced such checkpoint inhibitors where latency 24 weeks described.7Regev Avigan Kiazand Vierling J. Lewis Omokaro al.Best practices detection, assessment management suspected immune-mediated caused during drug development.J Autoimmun. 2020; 114https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102514Crossref (31) However, much shorter other vaccine-induced conditions (median 13 days).8Haber DeStefano Angulo F.J. Iskander Shadomy S.V. Weintraub E. al.Guillain-barré influenza vaccination.JAMA. 2004; 292: 2478-2481https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.20.2478Crossref (219) Secondly, histological appearances al. Both eosinophil infiltration more typical injury. This raises possibility vaccine-related AIH rather than causing dysregulation. Unlike cases, confounding recent pregnancy different Pfizer-BioNTech. These raise question can, activation innate system subsequent non-specific autoreactive lead AIH. trigger, if any, become apparent over time, especially withdrawal immunosuppression. As casualty factor will prove difficult tease apart should distract overwhelming benefits mass But it does beg individuals receive second dose vaccine. financial support produce manuscript. Dr Cathy McShane, Clifford Kiat & Órla Crosbie - involved clinical care writing Jonathan Rigby – interpreted histology declare conflicts pertain work. Please refer accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms details. supplementary data article: Download .pdf (.23 MB) Help pdf files Multimedia component

Язык: Английский

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Autoimmune phenomena following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 99, С. 107970 - 107970

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Adverse events after first COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune diseases

The Lancet Rheumatology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(8), С. e542 - e545

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2021

Existing literature suggests that patients with autoimmune diseases might be at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19,1Gianfrancesco M Hyrich KL Al-Adely S et al.Characteristics associated hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people rheumatic disease: data from the Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry.Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79: 859-866Crossref PubMed Scopus (911) Google Scholar which emphasises importance vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 this patient group. However, vaccine hesitancy has during past two decades,2Dubé E Vivion MacDonald NE Vaccine hesitancy, refusal and anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact implications.Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015; 14: 99-117Crossref (610) have been reinforced by unavoidable rapid development approval multiple vaccines communication about rare adverse events thrombosis women aged younger than 50 years.3Trogen B Oshinsky D Caplan A Adverse consequences rushing a vaccine: implications public trust.JAMA. 323: 2460-2461Crossref (60) Hesitancy is likely to diseases, since these were mostly excluded trials. We previously shown more third remain hesitant vaccination, concerns paucity long-term research identified as most important reasons.4Boekel L Hooijberg F van Kempen ZLE al.Perspective on vaccination.Lancet Rheumatol. 2021; 3: e241-e243Summary Full Text PDF (68) At present, safety scarce, studies comparing different types between healthy controls are not available. Thus, international guidelines based only expert opinion.5American College RheumatologyCOVID-19 clinical guidance summary musculoskeletal diseases.https://www.rheumatology.org/Portals/0/Files/COVID-19-Vaccine-Clinical-Guidance-Rheumatic-Diseases-Summary.pdfDate accessed: June 1, 2021Google It therefore relevant timely compare tolerability controls, assess effect underlying disease activity. In Comment, we describe results questionnaire assessed following vaccinations controls. The was sent systemic who enrolled ongoing prospective cohort (Netherlands Trial Register, trial ID NL8513 NCT04498286). Between April 26, 2020 March 2021, all adult Amsterdam & Immunology Center (Amsterdam, Netherlands), sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis UMC Netherlands) invited participate. Patients first study asked (but obliged) recruit their own control participant same sex comparable age (age difference <5 years). Data collected via online questionnaries distributed email. Information demographic medication use baseline, 14 30, 2021. Participants whether they had received vaccination. Vaccinated participants report experienced any local or 7 days if so, severity duration events. Mild defined unpleasant reactions did limit daily activities, moderate those limited required medical attention. Serious resulted hospital admission. Systemic included fever, chills shiver, general malaise, nausea, diarrhoea, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, fatigue. an number joint complaints 2 months after All change up Additional questions would lead improved sense security quality life among completed least 4 analyses. used multivariable logistic regression analyses occurrence event, events, moderate-to-severe Effect modification investigated (stratified ≤55 years vs >55 years), sex, type. threshold p<0·05 interaction terms identify modifiers. Additionally, exploratory types, male female participants, older 55 without correction testing. protocols approved ethical committee VU University center (registration 2020.169 2020.370). provided informed consent. 2515 903 whom 1780 660 questionnaire. 505 (including 204 rheumatoid arthritis 81 sclerosis) 203 receiving (appendix p 1). median completing 15 (IQR 10–25) (10–34) mean both 64 (SD 11), 329 (65%) 133 (66%) 2). 348 (69%) (189 [93%] 59 [73%] immunosuppressive treatment. Biological agents prescribed 147 (29%) patients, predominantly tumour necrosis factor inhibitors arthritis, anti-CD20 therapies sclerosis. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) common controls: 231 (46%) 104 (51%) 209 (41%) 90 (44%) vaccine. 65 (13%) 9 (4%) vaccinated CX-024414 (Moderna). 258 106 (52%) one mild event 105 (21%) 38 (19%) reported Severe (six [1%] none group), no serious occurred. Overall, commonly pain injection site (196 [39%] 82 [40%]), consistent across (figure; appendix 3). occurred 222 (40%) frequently fatigue headache Joint (49 [10%] 3 [1%]), but small proportion (26 [5%]) deterioration Immunosuppressive treatment postponed because 26 (6%) 424 diseases. stratified (p 4). Multivariable showed similar odds when compared 5). Age significant modifier association status additional age-stratified reach statistical significance strata (data shown). Vaccination nCoV-19, (≤55 years) independently likelihood reporting remained within Most (217 [75%] 289 91 [76%] 120 controls) indicated felt safer weeks 58 (20%) 288 17 (14%) also perceive overall improvement life. Analysis our demonstrate independent type observed consisted expected transient self-limiting. frequency lower trials,6Polack FP Thomas SJ Kitchin N al.Safety efficacy mRNA covid-19 vaccine.N Engl J Med. 383: 2603-2615Crossref (9627) nationwide observational population done UK.7Menni C Klaser K May al.Vaccine side-effects infection users COVID Symptom Study app UK: study.Lancet Infect (published 27.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00224-3Summary (639) Our previous higher frequencies people.6Polack Scholar, 7Menni observe too low draw conclusions suggest do seem trigger flares, accordance diseases.8Connolly CM Ruddy JA Boyarsky BJ dose diseases.Ann 19.)https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220231Crossref (45) 9Geisen UM Berner DK Tran al.Immunogenicity anti-SARS-CoV-2 chronic inflammatory conditions therapy monocentric cohort.Ann 24.)https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220272Crossref (280) limitation activity self-report rather validated measures, flares. Known pathophysiological effects innate immune system could immunostimulatory immunosuppressive,10Achiron Dolev Menascu al.COVID-19 sclerosis: What learnt February 2021.Mult Scler. 27: 864-870Crossref (160) 11Velikova T Georgiev amidst crisis.Rheumatol Int. 41: 509-518Crossref (112) thus widely applied, controlled adequate follow-up robust Another random sample population, nor exact match regard distribution. adjusted variables possible confounders analysis. found favourable psychological wellbeing; majority 20% perceived increase well tolerated Such findings reassure vaccinations, help physicians guiding towards accepting such vaccines. JK reports grants Biogen Idec, Novatis, TEVA, Bayer Schering Pharma, GlaxoSmith Kline, Merck Serono, Genzyme, Roche, outside submitted work. TR ZonMw conduct study. GW granst ZonMw, Reade foundation, T2B!-consortium other authors declare competing interests. Download .pdf (.3 MB) Help pdf files Supplementary

Язык: Английский

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