Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(9), С. 3625 - 3637

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Язык: Английский

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Are “mystical experiences” essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics?

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

The growing interest in the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of dissociative anesthetic ketamine classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, is remarkable. However, both psychedelics are known to induce acute mystical experiences; can cause symptoms out-of-body experience, while typically bring about hallucinogenic experiences, like a profound sense unity with universe or nature. role these experiences enhancing outcomes for patients depression currently an area ongoing investigation debate. Clinical studies have shown that following administration (S)-ketamine (esketamine) not directly linked their properties. In contrast, potential (R)-ketamine (arketamine), thought lack side effects, has yet be conclusively proven large-scale clinical trials. Moreover, although activation serotonin 5-HT

Язык: Английский

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Neuroinflammation through the vagus nerve-dependent gut–microbiota–brain axis in treatment-resistant depression

Progress in brain research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 61 - 77

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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(R)-ketamine restores anterior insular cortex activity and cognitive deficits in social isolation-reared mice

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(5), С. 1406 - 1416

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Abstract Chronic social isolation increases the risk of mental health problems, including cognitive impairments and depression. While subanesthetic ketamine is considered effective for in patients with depression, neural mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. Here we identified unique activation anterior insular cortex (aIC) as a characteristic feature brain-wide regions mice reared treated ( R )-ketamine, enantiomer. Using fiber photometry recording on freely moving mice, found that attenuates aIC neuronal upon contact but S able to counteracts this reduction. )-ketamine facilitated cognition isolation-reared during memory test. inactivation offset effect memory. Our results suggest has promising potential an intervention deficits by restoring function.

Язык: Английский

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Depression-like phenotypes in mice following common bile duct ligation: Insights into the gut–liver–brain axis via the vagus nerve

Neurobiology of Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 192, С. 106433 - 106433

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

Depression frequently occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, yet the reasons for this correlation are not fully understood. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated depression through gut–brain axis via vagus nerve. This study explored potential role gut–liver–brain nerve depression-like phenotypes mice cirrhosis. These underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), a method used to stimulate To assess behaviors, behavioral tests were conducted 10 days following either sham or CBDL surgeries. The displayed symptoms such as splenomegaly, elevated plasma levels interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, decreased synaptic proteins prefrontal cortex (PFC), disrupted balance, changes blood metabolites (or lipids). Additionally, there positive negative correlations between relative abundance microbiome data Significantly, these reversed by performing subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Intriguingly, improved after single injection arketamine, new antidepressant. results suggest that CBDL-induced mediated nerve, arketamine might offer treatment approach cirrhosis patients.

Язык: Английский

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Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions

Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(3), С. 65 - 75

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, similarly employed for anesthesia analgesia. The anesthetic effects of ketamine esketamine arise from their antagonism the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In field psychiatry, rapid-acting antidepressant properties severe depression have generated significant interest, resulting its increased off-label usage United States (U.S.). 2019, nasal spray received approval use U.S. Europe. However, concerns emerged regarding potential adverse effects, including long-term efficacy, addiction risks, suicide risk clinical settings. contrast, arketamine, (R)-enantiomer ketamine, exhibits superior longer-lasting rodent models depression, with fewer side compared to esketamine. Nevertheless, research on efficacy safety arketamine patients remains limited. This article provides concise exploration historical two enantiomers while also delving into future directions application these fields.

Язык: Английский

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(R)-(-)-Ketamine: The Promise of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6804 - 6804

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

NMDA receptor antagonists have potential for therapeutics in neurological and psychiatric diseases, including neurodegenerative epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, substance abuse disorder (SUD), major depressive (MDD). (S)-ketamine was the first of a novel class antidepressants, rapid-acting to be approved medical use. The stereoisomer, (R)-ketamine (arketamine), is currently under development treatment-resistant depression (TRD). compound has demonstrated efficacy multiple animal models. Two clinical studies disclosed TRD bipolar depression. A study by drug sponsor recently failed reach priori endpoints but post hoc analysis revealed efficacy. value supported experimental data humans rodents, showing that it less sedating, does not produce marked psychotomimetic or dissociative effects, than (S)-ketamine, produces models range disorders. mechanisms action antidepressant effects are hypothesized due antagonism and/or non-NMDA mechanisms. We suggest further experimentation with will create improved medicines some disorders underserved current medications.

Язык: Английский

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Repeated ( S )-ketamine administration ameliorates the spatial working memory impairment in mice with chronic pain: role of the gut microbiota–brain axis

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Chronic pain is commonly linked with diminished working memory. This study explores the impact of anesthetic (S)-ketamine on spatial memory in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model, focusing gut microbiome. We found that multiple doses (S)-ketamine, unlike single dose, counteracted reduced spontaneous alteration percentage (%SA) Y-maze test, without affecting mechanical or thermal sensitivity. Additionally, repeated treatments improved abnormal composition microbiome (β-diversity), as indicated by fecal 16S rRNA analysis, and increased levels butyrate, key – brain axis mediator. Protein analysis showed these also corrected upregulated histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) hippocampi CCI mice. Remarkably, microbiota transplantation from mice treated repeatedly to restored %SA hippocampal BDNF Butyrate supplementation alone %SA, BDNF, HDAC2 Furthermore, TrkB receptor antagonist ANA-12 negated beneficial effects impairment These results indicate administration ameliorates mice, mediated axis, primarily through enhancement signaling butyrate.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of esketamine for perioperative depression in patients undergoing elective surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 95, С. 103997 - 103997

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Rapid antidepressant-like effect of non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog lisuride, but not hallucinogenic psychedelic DOI, in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 222, С. 173500 - 173500

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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