Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 19, 2023
Abstract
Introduction:
Coronavirus
Disease
2019
(COVID-19)
presents
a
massive
challenge
in
Africa
due
to
overwhelmed
and
underresourced
health
systems,
as
well
the
existing
burden
of
communicable
non-
diseases.
Self-inoculation
may
occur
when
an
individual
touches
their
mucous
membrane
following
direct
contact
between
hands
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)-contaminated
surfaces.
Therefore,
handwashing
can
be
used
along
with
COVID-19
vaccines
reduce
spread
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19.
We
were
interested
investigating
levels
vaccine
uptake
control
prevent
Kenya,
Uganda
Tanzania
using
systematic
review
meta-analysis.
Methods:
searched
PubMed,
African
Index
Medicus
Journals
Online
for
studies
published
since
inception
31
st
January
2023.
included
all
that
assessed:
acceptance
hesitance
indicators
uptake;
on
Tanzania.
Study
findings
synthesized
by
meta-analysis
get
pooled
effect
measure.
Three
qualitatively
high
level
heterogeneity
measure
precluding
quantitative
Results:
Our
search
identified
128
articles
which
17
18,305
participants
622
vaccination
sites
reviewed
14
them
being
meta-analyzed.
This
reports
at
67%
(95%
CI:
55,
78)
88%
73,
97),
respectively.
Vaccine
among
was
low
31%
15,
49).
Conclusions:
Despite
importance
prevention
COVID-19,
some
countries
do
not
implement
effectively.
There
is
need
public
strategies
raise
awareness
about
vaccine.
Registration:
PROSPERO
ID
CRD42023394698;
registered
6
th
Reviews in Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
33(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2022
Abstract
Several
nations
have
recently
begun
to
relax
their
public
health
protocols,
particularly
regarding
the
use
of
face
masks
when
engaging
in
outdoor
activities.
This
is
because
there
has
been
a
general
trend
towards
fewer
cases
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID‐19).
However,
new
Omicron
sub‐variants
(designated
BA.4
and
BA.5)
emerged.
These
two
subvariants
are
thought
be
cause
an
increase
COVID‐19
South
Africa,
United
States,
Europe.
They
also
spread
throughout
Asia.
evolved
from
lineage
with
characteristics
that
make
them
even
more
contagious
which
allow
circumvent
immunity
previous
infection
or
vaccination.
article
reviews
number
scientific
considerations
about
these
variants,
including
apparently
reduced
clinical
severity.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
19(13), С. 8121 - 8121
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022
The
carriers
of
nosocomial
infections
are
the
hands
medical
personnel
and
inanimate
surfaces.
Both
surfaces
may
be
contaminated
as
a
result
contact
with
patient,
their
body
fluids,
touching
in
patient's
surroundings.
Visually
clean
an
important
source
pathogens.
Microorganisms
have
properties
thanks
to
which
they
can
survive
unfavorable
conditions,
from
few
days
several
months.
Bacteria,
viruses
fungi
able
transmit
skin
patient
staff.
These
pathogens
include
SARS-CoV-2,
on
various
types
surfaces,
being
potential
infection.
By
following
recommendations
related
washing
disinfecting
using
appropriate
agents
broad
biocidal
spectrum,
high
material
compatibility
shortest
duration
action,
we
contribute
breaking
chain
infections.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(3), С. 1701 - 1727
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023
Transmission
of
the
coronavirus
disease
2019
is
still
ongoing
despite
mass
vaccination,
lockdowns,
and
other
drastic
measures
to
control
pandemic.
This
due
partly
our
lack
understanding
on
multiphase
flow
mechanics
that
droplet
transport
viral
transmission
dynamics.
Various
models
evaporation
have
been
reported,
yet
there
limited
knowledge
about
influence
physicochemical
parameters
respiratory
droplets
carrying
severe
acute
syndrome
2.
Here
we
review
effects
initial
size,
environmental
conditions,
virus
mutation,
non-volatile
components
dispersion,
stability.
We
present
experimental
computational
methods
analyze
transport,
factors
controlling
evaporation.
Methods
include
thermal
manikins,
techniques,
aerosol-generating
nucleic
acid-based
assays,
antibody-based
polymerase
chain
reaction,
loop-mediated
isothermal
amplification,
field-effect
transistor-based
assay,
discrete
gas-phase
modeling.
Controlling
turbulence,
ventilation,
ambient
temperature,
relative
humidity,
size
distribution,
components,
mutation.
Current
results
show
medium-sized
droplets,
e.g.,
50
µm,
are
sensitive
humidity.
Medium-sized
experience
delayed
at
high
increase
airborne
lifetime
travel
distance.
By
contrast,
low
quickly
shrink
nuclei
follow
cough
jet.
Virus
inactivation
within
a
few
hours
generally
occurs
temperatures
above
40
°C,
presence
particles
in
aerosols
impedes
Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
225, С. 115612 - 115612
Опубликована: Март 5, 2023
The
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
recognised
variant
B.1.1.529
of
the
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
Coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
as
a
concern,
termed
"Omicron",
on
November
26,
2021.
Its
diffusion
was
attributed
to
its
several
mutations,
which
allow
promoting
ability
diffuse
worldwide
and
capability
in
immune
evasion.
As
consequence,
some
additional
serious
threats
public
health
posed
risk
undermine
global
efforts
made
last
two
years
control
pandemic.
In
past,
works
were
devoted
discussing
possible
contribution
air
pollution
SARS-CoV-2
spread.
However,
best
authors'
knowledge,
there
are
still
no
dealing
with
Omicron
mechanisms.
This
work
represents
snapshot
what
we
know
right
now,
frame
an
analysis
paper
proposes
use
single
indicator,
commercial
trade
data,
model
virus
It
is
proposed
surrogate
interactions
occurring
between
humans
(the
transmission
mechanism
due
human-to-human
contacts)
could
be
considered
for
other
diseases.
allows
also
explain
unexpected
increase
infection
cases
China,
detected
at
beginning
2023.
quality
data
analyzed
evaluate
first
time
role
particulate
matter
(PM)
carrier
diffusion.
Due
emerging
concerns
associated
viruses
(such
smallpox-like
Europe
America),
approach
seems
promising
spreading.
Background
Ambient
temperature
may
affect
respiratory
health,
while
the
sensitivity
of
infections
be
pathogen-dependent.
Aims
We
sought
to
explore
pathogen-specific
associations
between
ambient
and
infections.
Methods
searched
nine
databases
for
a
random-effects
meta-analysis
pool
relative
risk
(RR)
infection
by
pathogen
per
1°
C
rise,
compared
populations
unexposed
same
temperature.
conducted
analyses,
subgroup
analyses
meta-regression.
Results
A
total
137
studies
were
eligible
meta-analysis.
The
pooled
single-study
estimates
revealed
that
incidence
syncytial
virus
(RR
=
0.14;
95%
confidence
interval
(CI):
0.09–0.23),
influenza
(IV)
0.40;
CI:
0.27–0.61),
human
metapneumovirus
0.48;
0.32–0.73),
coronavirus
(HCoV)
0.21;
0.07–0.61)
SARS-CoV-2
0.52;
0.35–0.78)
decreased
parainfluenza
(HPIV)
2.35;
1.46–3.77),
bocavirus
(HBoV)
1.86;
1.04–3.32)
MERS-CoV
1.05;
1.04–1.07)
increased.
was
lower
IVA,
IVB,
HCoV-229E
HCoV-OC43,
HPIV-3,
HBoV-1
at
increased
risk.
Streptococcus
pyogenes
pharyngitis
0.46;
0.30–0.69)
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
1.04;
1.03–1.05)
Legionella
pneumophila
2.69;
1.11–6.53)
Conclusions
Temperature
can
vary
with
specific
type
subtype
causes
infection.
As
climatic
conditions
will
become
warmer,
public
health
policy
makers
should
act
develop
adaptation
strategies.
