Update on the omicron sub‐variants BA.4 and BA.5

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Abstract Several nations have recently begun to relax their public health protocols, particularly regarding the use of face masks when engaging in outdoor activities. This is because there has been a general trend towards fewer cases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, new Omicron sub‐variants (designated BA.4 and BA.5) emerged. These two subvariants are thought be cause an increase COVID‐19 South Africa, United States, Europe. They also spread throughout Asia. evolved from lineage with characteristics that make them even more contagious which allow circumvent immunity previous infection or vaccination. article reviews number scientific considerations about these variants, including apparently reduced clinical severity.

Language: Английский

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Effects of the built environment and human factors on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic literature review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 850, P. 158056 - 158056

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Inanimate Surfaces as a Source of Hospital Infections Caused by Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses with Particular Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(13), P. 8121 - 8121

Published: July 1, 2022

The carriers of nosocomial infections are the hands medical personnel and inanimate surfaces. Both surfaces may be contaminated as a result contact with patient, their body fluids, touching in patient's surroundings. Visually clean an important source pathogens. Microorganisms have properties thanks to which they can survive unfavorable conditions, from few days several months. Bacteria, viruses fungi able transmit skin patient staff. These pathogens include SARS-CoV-2, on various types surfaces, being potential infection. By following recommendations related washing disinfecting using appropriate agents broad biocidal spectrum, high material compatibility shortest duration action, we contribute breaking chain infections.

Language: Английский

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Impact of waste of COVID-19 protective equipment on the environment, animals and human health: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 2951 - 2970

Published: July 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms controlling the transport and evaporation of human exhaled respiratory droplets containing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 1701 - 1727

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 is still ongoing despite mass vaccination, lockdowns, and other drastic measures to control pandemic. This due partly our lack understanding on multiphase flow mechanics that droplet transport viral transmission dynamics. Various models evaporation have been reported, yet there limited knowledge about influence physicochemical parameters respiratory droplets carrying severe acute syndrome 2. Here we review effects initial size, environmental conditions, virus mutation, non-volatile components dispersion, stability. We present experimental computational methods analyze transport, factors controlling evaporation. Methods include thermal manikins, techniques, aerosol-generating nucleic acid-based assays, antibody-based polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, field-effect transistor-based assay, discrete gas-phase modeling. Controlling turbulence, ventilation, ambient temperature, relative humidity, size distribution, components, mutation. Current results show medium-sized droplets, e.g., 50 µm, are sensitive humidity. Medium-sized experience delayed at high increase airborne lifetime travel distance. By contrast, low quickly shrink nuclei follow cough jet. Virus inactivation within a few hours generally occurs temperatures above 40 °C, presence particles in aerosols impedes

Language: Английский

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The spread of the omicron variant: Identification of knowledge gaps, virus diffusion modelling, and future research needs

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 225, P. 115612 - 115612

Published: March 5, 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognised variant B.1.1.529 of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a concern, termed "Omicron", on November 26, 2021. Its diffusion was attributed to its several mutations, which allow promoting ability diffuse worldwide and capability in immune evasion. As consequence, some additional serious threats public health posed risk undermine global efforts made last two years control pandemic. In past, works were devoted discussing possible contribution air pollution SARS-CoV-2 spread. However, best authors' knowledge, there are still no dealing with Omicron mechanisms. This work represents snapshot what we know right now, frame an analysis paper proposes use single indicator, commercial trade data, model virus It is proposed surrogate interactions occurring between humans (the transmission mechanism due human-to-human contacts) could be considered for other diseases. allows also explain unexpected increase infection cases China, detected at beginning 2023. quality data analyzed evaluate first time role particulate matter (PM) carrier diffusion. Due emerging concerns associated viruses (such smallpox-like Europe America), approach seems promising spreading.

Language: Английский

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Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 725 - 739

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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VIRAL DISEASES AND THE ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 124845 - 124845

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(11)

Published: March 20, 2025

Background Ambient temperature may affect respiratory health, while the sensitivity of infections be pathogen-dependent. Aims We sought to explore pathogen-specific associations between ambient and infections. Methods searched nine databases for a random-effects meta-analysis pool relative risk (RR) infection by pathogen per 1° C rise, compared populations unexposed same temperature. conducted analyses, subgroup analyses meta-regression. Results A total 137 studies were eligible meta-analysis. The pooled single-study estimates revealed that incidence syncytial virus (RR = 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.23), influenza (IV) 0.40; CI: 0.27–0.61), human metapneumovirus 0.48; 0.32–0.73), coronavirus (HCoV) 0.21; 0.07–0.61) SARS-CoV-2 0.52; 0.35–0.78) decreased parainfluenza (HPIV) 2.35; 1.46–3.77), bocavirus (HBoV) 1.86; 1.04–3.32) MERS-CoV 1.05; 1.04–1.07) increased. was lower IVA, IVB, HCoV-229E HCoV-OC43, HPIV-3, HBoV-1 at increased risk. Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis 0.46; 0.30–0.69) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.04; 1.03–1.05) Legionella pneumophila 2.69; 1.11–6.53) Conclusions Temperature can vary with specific type subtype causes infection. As climatic conditions will become warmer, public health policy makers should act develop adaptation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Indoor Transmission of Respiratory Diseases and Influencing Factors—A Critical Review

Transactions of Indian National Academy of Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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