Land,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
8(12), С. 179 - 179
Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2019
Biochar
is
one
of
the
most
affordable
negative
emission
technologies
(NET)
at
hand
for
future
large-scale
deployment
carbon
dioxide
removal
(CDR),
which
typically
found
essential
to
stabilizing
global
temperature
rise
relatively
low
levels.
has
also
attracted
attention
as
a
soil
amendment
capable
improving
yield
and
quality
reducing
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions.
In
this
work,
we
review
literature
on
biochar
production
potential
its
effects
climate,
food
security,
ecosystems,
toxicity.
We
identify
three
key
factors
that
are
largely
affecting
environmental
performance
application
agricultural
soils:
(1)
condition
during
pyrolysis,
(2)
conditions
background
(3)
field
management
biochar.
using
only
forest
or
crop
residues
can
achieve
up
10%
required
CDR
1.5
°
C
pathways
about
25%
2
pathways;
consideration
dedicated
crops
feedstocks
increases
15–35%
35–50%,
respectively.
A
quantitative
life-cycle
assessment
(LCA)
studies
systems
shows
total
climate
change
ranges
between
net
0.04
tCO
eq
reduction
1.67
per
tonnes
feedstock.
The
wide
range
values
due
different
assumptions
in
LCA
studies,
such
type
feedstock,
stability
soils,
emissions,
substitution
effects,
methodological
issues.
Potential
trade-offs
mitigation
other
impact
categories
include
particulate
matter,
acidification,
eutrophication
mostly
depend
energy
system
considered
whether
used
production.
Overall,
our
finds
soils
presents
risks
terms
impacts
improve
decisions
regarding
feedstock
mix
pyrolysis
be
optimized
maximize
benefits
reduce
under
conditions.
However,
more
knowledge
fate
freshwater
black
emissions
required,
they
represent
consequences
interact
with
through
many
complex
mechanisms
(i.e.,
surface
albedo,
from
etc.)
water
bodies
leaching
nutrients.
These
lack
simplified
metrics
approaches
prevents
their
routine
inclusion
studies.
Specific
produced
sophisticated
ecosystem
models
instrumental
increasing
resolution
accuracy
sustainability
analysis
ultimately
characterization
heterogeneities
varying
local
combinations
conversion
process,
conditions,
practice.
GCB Bioenergy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(11), С. 1731 - 1764
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021
Abstract
We
synthesized
20
years
of
research
to
explain
the
interrelated
processes
that
determine
soil
and
plant
responses
biochar.
The
properties
biochar
its
effects
within
agricultural
ecosystems
largely
depend
on
feedstock
pyrolysis
conditions.
describe
three
stages
reactions
in
soil:
dissolution
(1–3
weeks);
reactive
surface
development
(1–6
months);
aging
(beyond
6
months).
As
ages,
it
is
incorporated
into
aggregates,
protecting
carbon
promoting
stabilization
rhizodeposits
microbial
products.
Biochar
persists
for
hundreds
thousands
years.
By
increasing
pH,
porosity,
water
availability,
biochars
can
create
favorable
conditions
root
functions.
Biochars
catalyze
biotic
abiotic
reactions,
particularly
rhizosphere,
increase
nutrient
supply
uptake
by
plants,
reduce
phytotoxins,
stimulate
development,
resilience
disease
environmental
stressors.
Meta‐analyses
found
that,
average,
P
availability
a
factor
4.6;
decrease
tissue
concentration
heavy
metals
17%–39%;
build
organic
through
negative
priming
3.8%
(range
−21%
+20%);
non‐CO
2
greenhouse
gas
emissions
from
12%–50%.
show
average
crop
yield
increases
10%–42%
with
addition,
greatest
low‐nutrient
P‐sorbing
acidic
soils
(common
tropics),
sandy
drylands
due
retention
holding
capacity.
Studies
report
wide
range
diversity
contexts
which
have
been
applied.
Crop
yields
strongly
if
site‐specific
constraints
limitations
are
mitigated
appropriate
formulations.
be
tailored
address
site
selection,
modifying
conditions,
pre‐
or
post‐production
treatments,
co‐application
mineral
fertilizers.
demonstrate
how,
when
used
wisely,
mitigates
climate
change
supports
food
security
circular
economy.
SN Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
3(4)
Опубликована: Март 31, 2021
Abstract
Nitrate
pollution
of
ground
and
surface
water
bodies
all
over
the
world
is
generally
linked
with
continually
increasing
global
fertilizer
nitrogen
(N)
use.
But
after
1990,
more
N
consumption
in
developing
countries
especially
East
South
Asia
than
industrialized
nations
North
America
Europe,
nitrate
freshwaters
now
increasingly
becoming
a
pervasive
problem.
In
this
review
it
has
been
attempted
to
research
information
generated
during
last
two
decades
from
on
different
aspects
natural
bodies.
It
evident
that
not
50%
directly
used
by
crops
which
applied.
While
small
portion
may
leach
down
reach
bodies,
large
proportion
ends
up
soil
organic
pool
where
mineralized
taken
plants
and/or
lost
via
leaching
several
decades.
Present
trends
freshwaters,
therefore,
reflect
legacies
current
past
applications
fertilizers
manures.
Tools
such
as
simulation
models
variation
stable
isotopes
oxygen
are
being
extensively
study
contribution
other
sources
enrichment
freshwaters.
Impacts
agricultural
stewardship
measures
assessed
managed
using
modern
digital
frameworks.
Improved
management
agroecosystems
can
reduce
but
host
factors
determine
magnitude.
Future
needs
also
considered.
International Materials Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
67(2), С. 150 - 200
Опубликована: Май 7, 2021
Biochar
is
produced
as
a
charred
material
with
high
surface
area
and
abundant
functional
groups
by
pyrolysis,
which
refers
to
the
process
of
thermochemical
decomposition
organic
at
elevated
temperatures
in
absence
oxygen.
The
carbon
component
biochar
relatively
stable,
and,
hence,
was
originally
proposed
soil
amendment
store
soil.
has
multifunctional
values
that
include
use
it
for
following
purposes:
improve
health,
nutrient
microbial
carrier,
immobilising
agent
remediation
toxic
metals
contaminants
water,
catalyst
industrial
applications,
porous
mitigating
greenhouse
gas
emissions
odorous
compounds,
feed
supplement
animal
health
intake
efficiency
thus,
productivity.
This
article
provides
first
time
an
overview
unintended
consequences
applications.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
651, С. 2354 - 2364
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2018
Biochar
can
reduce
both
nitrous
oxide
(N
2
O)
emissions
and
nitrate
(NO
3
−
)
leaching,
but
refining
biochar's
use
for
estimating
these
types
of
losses
remains
elusive.
For
example,
biochar
properties
such
as
ash
content
labile
organic
compounds
may
induce
transient
effects
that
alter
N-based
losses.
Thus,
the
aim
this
meta-analysis
was
to
assess
interactions
between
biochar-induced
on
N
O
NO
retention,
regarding
duration
experiments
well
soil
land
properties.
Data
were
compiled
from
88
peer-reviewed
publications
resulting
in
608
observations
up
May
2016
corresponding
response
ratios
used
perform
a
random
meta-analysis,
testing
impact
cumulative
emissions,
concentrations
leaching
temperate,
semi-arid,
sub-tropical,
tropical
climate.
The
overall
reduction
38%,
emission
reductions
tended
be
negligible
after
one
year.
Overall,
remained
unaffected
while
reduced
by
13%
with
biochar;
greater
(>26%)
occurred
over
longer
experimental
times
(i.e.
>30
days).
had
strongest
O-emission
reducing
effect
paddy
soils
(Anthrosols)
sandy
(Arenosols).
arable
farming
horticulture
,
it
did
not
affect
grasslands
perennial
crops
.
In
conclusion,
time-dependent
is
crucial
factor
needs
considered
order
develop
test
resilient
sustainable
biochar-based
loss
mitigation
strategies.
Our
results
provide
valuable
starting
point
future
studies.
•
38%
biochar.
Soil
unaffected.
strongly
soils.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
751, С. 141607 - 141607
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2020
The
emission
of
nutrients
and
pesticides
from
agricultural
soils
endangers
natural
habitats.
Here,
we
review
to
which
extent
carbon-rich
organic
amendments
help
retain
in
reduce
the
contamination
surrounding
areas
groundwater.
We
compare
straw,
compost,
biochar
see
whether
outperforms
other
two
more
traditional
cheaper
materials.
present
a
list
criteria
evaluate
suitability
materials
be
used
as
soil
discuss
differences
elemental
compositions
understand,
how
microorganisms
utilize
those
their
effects
on
physical
chemical
characteristics,
microbial
communities,
well
transformation
retention
detail.
It
becomes
clear
that
for
all
three
can
vary
greatly
depending
numerous
aspects,
such
type
soil,
application
rate,
production
procedure
material.
Biochar
is
most
effective
increasing
sorption
capacity
but
does
not
outperform
straw
compost
with
regards
aspects
investigated.
Nevertheless,
possibility
design
properties
makes
it
very
promising
Finally,
provide
critical
comments
about
make
studies
comparable
(comprehensive
provision
material
properties),
improve
concepts
future
work
(meta-analysis,
long-term
field
studies,
use
deep-insight
DNA
sequencing),
what
needs
further
investigated
(the
link
between
structural
functional
parameters,
impact
pesticide
efficiency).
