The
quality
of
water
used
for
irrigation
poses
a
fundamental
challenge
to
the
sustainability
agricultural
practices.
This
study
aims
assess
suitability
and
identify
regions
suitable
agriculture
in
Ras
Jbel
(RJ)
basin
Tunisia.
Typical
metrics,
such
as
sodium
absorption
ratio
(SAR),
magnesium
hazard
(MH),
percentage
(Na%),
Kelly’s
(KR),
permeability
index
(PI),
residual
carbonate
(RSC),
potential
salinity
(PS),
were
employed.
Additionally,
advanced
techniques
like
fuzzy
logic
(FI)
utilized.
Ninety-six
groundwater
samples
collected
from
shallow
wells
analyzed
major
cations
anions.
All
exceeded
recommended
safe
limit
values
drinking
according
both
World
Health
Organization
guidelines
Tunisian
standards
(NT.09.14).
Spatial
distribution
maps
all
evaluation
metrics
(EC,
SAR,
MH,
Na%,
RSC,
KR,
PI,
PS)
generated
wet
dry
seasons
using
membership
assimilated
each
season.
A
final
map,
resulting
an
overlay
seasonal
(FIWQI)
maps,
confirms
that
central
part
area
is
agriculture.
findings
recommend
cultivation
short-term
crops
with
low
needs
northwestern
southeastern
during
seasons.
suggests
pattern
regional
resource
utilization
by
identifying
sustainable
adopted
parameterizations
can
aid
decision-makers
initiating
efficient
management
plans
similar
water-scarce
environments.
Environmental Earth Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
83(17)
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024
Abstract
This
study
investigated
groundwater
in
the
central
Rif
region
of
northern
Morocco
by
analysing
55
water
sampling
points
to
assess
its
physicochemical
and
hydrogeochemical
properties.
Through
hydrochemical
analysis,
GIS
spatial
exploration,
multivariate
statistical
a
direct
correlation
was
found
between
EC,
TDS,
major
ions,
influencing
overall
mineralization.
The
key
findings
included
pH
levels
ranging
from
6.10
8.52,
EC
828
4581
μS/cm,
varying
concentrations
Ca
2+
,
Mg
Na
+
K
HCO
2
–
Cl
N–NO
SO
4
2–
.
Notably,
TDS
TH
ranged
647.19–3609.36
mg/L
64.23–1051.24
mg/L,
respectively,
with
significant
portion
samples
exceeding
WHO
guidelines,
particularly
chloride
(61.81%),
sulfate
(92.72%),
nitrate
(12.72%)
samples.
Piper
diagram
highlights
sodium
chlorides
(Na–Cl)
as
predominant
chemical
facies
(70.9%),
while
Gibbs
emphasizes
impact
evaporation
on
chemistry
dynamics.
revealed
complex
influence
geological
anthropogenic
factors
quality,
potentially
leading
seawater
intrusion
coastal
aquifers.
observed
high
mineralization
hardness
levels,
addition
mild
alkalinity,
pose
public
health
risks,
underscoring
need
for
continuous
monitoring
sustainable
management
practices
protect
human
environment.
