Allergen Extracts for In Vivo Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergy: Is There a Future?

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(6), С. 1845 - 1855.e2

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2018

Today, in vivo allergy diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are still based on allergen extracts obtained from natural sources. Several studies analyzing the composition of have shown severe problems regarding their quality such as presence undefined nonallergenic materials, contaminants well high variabilities contents biological activity individual allergens. Despite increasing availability sophisticated analytical technologies, these cannot be overcome because they inherent to sources methods extract production. For vitro related been largely by implementation recombinant molecules that defined purity activity. However, no advances made for preparations used therapy. No clinical performed available document safety, sensitivity, specificity products. Only very few therapeutic state-of-the-art provide evidence safety efficacy. In this article, we discuss inconsistent products share our observations most AIT do not meet international standards medicinal We argue a replacement recombinantly produced and/or mixtures thereof may only way guarantee supply clinicians with treatment allergic patients future.

Язык: Английский

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Past, present, and future of allergen immunotherapy vaccines

Allergy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 76(1), С. 131 - 149

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2020

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an allergen-specific form of treatment for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy; the most common and important immunologically mediated hypersensitivity disease. AIT based on administration disease-causing allergen with goal to induce a protective immunity consisting blocking IgG antibodies alterations cellular immune response so that patient can tolerate contact. Major advantages over all other existing treatments allergy are induces long-lasting protection prevents progression disease severe manifestations. cost effective because it uses patient´s own system potentially be used as preventive treatment. However, broad application limited by mainly technical issues such quality preparations risk inducing side effects which results in extremely cumbersome schedules reducing compliance. In this article we review progress made its beginning provide overview state art, needs further development, possible solutions available through molecular allergology. Finally, consider visions development towards prophylactic application.

Язык: Английский

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Egg Allergy: Diagnosis and Immunotherapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(14), С. 5010 - 5010

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2020

Hypersensitivity or an allergy to chicken egg proteins is a predominant symptomatic condition affecting 1 in 20 children Australia; however, effective form of therapy has not yet been found. This occurs as the immune system allergic individual overreacts when contact with allergens (egg proteins), triggering complex response. The subsequent instantaneous inflammatory response characterized by excessive production immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody against allergen, T-cell mediators and inflammation. Current allergen-specific approaches diagnosis treatment lack consistency therefore pose safety concerns among anaphylactic patients. Immunotherapy thus far found be most efficient way treat relieve symptoms, this includes oral immunotherapy (OIT) sublingual (SLIT). A major limitation immunotherapy, difficulty preparing safe extracts from natural allergen sources. Advances molecular techniques allow for standardized recombinant hypoallergenic variants targeting IgE-binding epitopes responsible clinical symptoms. Site-directed mutagenesis can performed create such hypoallergens their potential use future methods providing feasible therapeutic approach target allergies safely.

Язык: Английский

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Ragweed Pollen Allergy: Burden, Characteristics, and Management of an Imported Allergen Source in Europe

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 176(3-4), С. 163 - 180

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>, also known as common or short ragweed, is an invasive annual flowering herbaceous plant that has its origin in North America. Nowadays, ragweed can be found many areas worldwide. Ragweed pollen for high potential to cause type I allergic reactions late summer and autumn represents a major health problem America several countries Europe. Climate change urbanization, well long distance transport capacity, enhance the spread of pollen. Therefore becoming domestic non-invaded which turn will increase sensitization rate. So far 11 allergens have been described and, according IgE reactivity, Amb 1 seem allergens. Sensitization rates other vary between 10 50%. Most already recombinantly produced, but most them not characterized regarding their allergenic activity, therefore no conclusion on clinical relevance all made, important necessary accurate diagnosis. Pharmacotherapy treatment allergy fails impact course allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) only causative disease-modifying with long-lasting effects, currently it based administration extract only. In order improve AIT, new strategies are required higher efficacy safety.

Язык: Английский

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Recombinant allergens for immunotherapy: state of the art

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19(4), С. 402 - 414

Опубликована: Май 13, 2019

More than 30 years ago, the first molecular structures of allergens were elucidated and defined recombinant became available. We review state art regarding AIT with goal to understand why progress in this field has been slow, although there is huge potential for treatment allergen-specific prevention.On basis allergen structures, several strategies have developed advanced into clinical evaluation. In trials, promising results obtained synthetic derivatives inducing IgG antibodies, which interfered recognition by IgE whereas efficacy could not yet be demonstrated approaches targeting only T-cell responses. Available data suggest that many advantages over extract-based AIT.Clinical studies indicate allergen-based vaccines, are superior existing can respiratory, food venom allergy. Allergen-specific preventive based on vaccine induction tolerance horizon hold promise allergy prevented. However, limited lack resources needed studies, necessary development these innovative strategies.

Язык: Английский

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The Importance of RNA-Based Vaccines in the Fight against COVID-19: An Overview

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(11), С. 1345 - 1345

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

In recent years, vaccine development using ribonucleic acid (RNA) has become the most promising and studied approach to produce safe effective new vaccines, not only for prophylaxis but also as a treatment. The use of messenger RNA (mRNA) an immunogenic several advantages compared other platforms, such lower coast, absence cell cultures, possibility combine different targets. During COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA became more relevant; two out four widely applied vaccines against in world are based on this platform. However, even though it presents application, technology faces pivotal challenges improve stability, delivery, potential generate related protein needed induce humoral- T-cell-mediated immune response. application emerged powerful tool fight cancer non-infectious infectious diseases, example, represents relevant research field future decades. Based these advantages, review emphasizes self-amplifying (saRNA) development, mainly COVID-19, together with approach.

Язык: Английский

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Design of an Ara h 2 hypoallergen from conformational epitopes

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(1), С. 46 - 55

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Introduction Adverse reactions are relatively common during peanut oral immunotherapy. To reduce the risk to patient, some researchers have proposed modifying allergen IgE reactivity, creating a putative hypoallergen. Analysis of recently cloned human IgG from patients treated with immunotherapy suggested that there three conformational epitopes for major Ara h 2. We sought test if structural information on these could indicate mutagenesis targets designing hypoallergen and evaluated reduction in binding via immunochemistry mouse model passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). Methods X‐ray crystallography characterized detail, followed by mutational analysis key residues modify monoclonal antibody (mAb) serum binding, assessed ELISA biolayer interferometry. A designed 2 was tested reduced vascularization PCA experiments using pooled allergic patient serum. Results ternary crystal structure complex antibodies 13T1 13T5 determined. Site‐specific mutants were 13T1, 13T5, 22S1 mAbs orders magnitude. By combining mutations bins, hexamutant (Ara E46R, E89R, E97R, E114R, Q146A, R147E) created patients. Further, where mice primed serum, reactivity upon challenge significantly decreased hexamutant. Conclusion These studies demonstrate prior knowledge can be used engineer an important first step design.

Язык: Английский

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An Aedes–Anopheles Vaccine Candidate Supplemented with BCG Epitopes Against the Aedes and Anopheles Genera to Overcome Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites

Acta Parasitologica, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 69(1), С. 483 - 504

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Precision medicine allergy immunoassay methods for assessing immunoglobulin E sensitization to aeroallergen molecules

World Journal of Methodology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(3), С. 17 - 36

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2018

Molecular-based allergy diagnosis for the in vitro assessment of a patient immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profile at molecular level uses allergen molecules (also referred to as components), which may be well-defined, highly purified, natural components or recombinant allergens. Modern immunoassay methods used detection specific IgE against aeroallergen are either singleplex (such fluorescence enzyme with capsulated cellulose polymer solid-phase coupled allergens, enzyme-enhanced chemiluminescence and reversed allergosorbent test, liquid-phase allergens), multiparameter line blot defined partial diagnostics coating membrane strips) multiplex microarray-based on immuno chip, two new nanotechnology-based immunoassays: patient-friendly nano-bead array, macroarray explorer). The precision medicine diagnostic work-up organized an integrated "U-shape" approach, "top-down" approach (from symptoms molecules) "bottom-up" clinical implications), needed selected patients. comprehensive accurate profiling, identification relevant is indicated within framework detailed patient's history distinguish genuine from due cross-reactivity (especially polysensitized patients), assess unclear unsatisfactory response treatment, reveal unexpected sensitizations, improve severity risk aspects some Practical approaches, such anamnesis thinking, laboratory thinking postmolecular anamnesis, sometimes applied. component-resolved repertoire has key impact optimal decisions making prophylactic immunotherapeutic strategies tailored individual patient.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention of Cow’s Milk Allergy

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1492 - 1492

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2019

Cow´s milk is one of the most important and basic nutrients introduced early in life our diet but can induce IgE-associated allergy. allergy to cow´s cause severe allergic manifestations gut, skin even respiratory tract may lead life-threatening anaphylactic shock due stability certain allergens. Here, we provide an overview about allergen molecules advantages molecular diagnosis IgE sensitization by serology. In addition, review current strategies for prevention treatment discuss how they could be improved future innovative approaches that are based on defined recombinant allergens, hypoallergenic derivatives synthetic peptides.

Язык: Английский

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