Human Regulatory T Cells: Understanding the Role of Tregs in Select Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(2), С. 1527 - 1527

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune tolerance and homeostasis by modulating how the system is activated. Several studies have documented critical of Tregs suppressing functions effector antigen-presenting cells. Under certain conditions, can lose their suppressive capability, leading to a compromised system. For example, mutations Treg transcription factor, Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), drive development autoimmune diseases multiple organs within body. Furthermore, reduction numbers or change function facilitate autoimmunity, whereas overabundance inhibit anti-tumor anti-pathogen immunity. This review discusses characteristics mechanism action select skin diseases, transplantation, cancer. We also examine potential Tregs-based cellular therapies autoimmunity.

Язык: Английский

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Combining network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental verification to examine the efficacy and immunoregulation mechanism of FHB granules on vitiligo

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Background Fufang Honghua Buji (FHB) granules, have proven efficacy against vitiligo in long-term clinical practice. However, its major active chemical components and molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. The purpose this study was to confirm the mechanism FHB’s therapeutic effect on utilizing network pharmacology, docking, dynamics simulation prediction, as well experimental verification. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) HERB databases were used obtain composition targets FHB. Online Mendelian Inheritance Man (OMIM), DrugBank, DisGeNET, GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) applied screen for vitiligo-related targets. Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses performed through Matascape database. Molecular docking methods analysis binding sites energies between Finally, a mouse model created, FHB validated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot (WB), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) blood biochemical assays conducted assess biosafety Result screening suggested that 94 genetic associated with vitiligo. bioinformatics luteolin, quercetin, wogonin may be components, nuclear factor-kappa B p65 subunit (RELA), signal transducer, activator transcription (STAT) 3 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) 1 potential FHB-vitiligo therapy. further demonstrated all bound best STAT3. Through verification, has been alleviate pathogenic characteristics mice, suppress JAK-STAT signaling pathway, reduce inflammation, increase melanogenesis. vivo safety evaluation experiments also non-toxicity Conclusions exerts anti-inflammatory melanogenesis-promoting effects via multi-component multi-target, among which pathway is target, providing new ideas clues development

Язык: Английский

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Concurrent management of vitiligo and acquired disorders of hyperpigmentation: a comprehensive literature review and current practice gaps

International Journal of Dermatology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Few studies discuss the co-management of vitiligo and acquired hyperpigmentation disorders (AHD) such as melasma, erythema dyschromicum perstans, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced lichen planus pigmentosus. This review discusses clinical examining strategies identifies current practice gaps. Dermatology Life Quality Index scores are higher in individuals with or melasma. It is plausible that populations experiencing both conditions may exhibit worsened psychological outcomes because stigmas perceived social beauty standards. Standard treatments for aim to increase pigmentation, while AHD target decreasing causing potential worsening contrast between multiple skin tones patients disorders. Tretinoin prevent narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB)-induced without altering treatment response also beneficial managing AHD. In addition, use oral tranexamic acid treat melasma does not diminish NBUVB phototherapy. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections Polypodium leucotomos extract be comanaging However, guidelines needed optimize care this patient population.

Язык: Английский

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Biomimetic polydopamine loaded with janus kinase inhibitor for synergistic vitiligo therapy via hydrogel microneedles

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mitophagy and immune infiltration in vitiligo: evidence from bioinformatics analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 23, 2023

Background Vitiligo is an acquired, autoimmune, depigmented skin disease with unclear pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to vitiligo, and mitophagy vital for removing damaged mitochondria. Herein, using bioinformatic analysis, we sought determine the possible role of mitophagy-associated genes in vitiligo immune infiltration. Methods Microarrays GSE53146 GSE75819 were used identify differentially expressed (DEGs) vitiligo. By crossing DEGs mitophagy-related genes, identified. Functional enrichment protein-protein intersection (PPI) analyses conducted. Then, hub identified two machine algorithms, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated. Next, infiltration its connection investigated. Finally, Regnetwork database NetworkAnalyst predict upstream transcriptional factors (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs), protein-compound network. Results A total 24 screened. five ( GABARAPL2 , SP1 USP8 RELA TBC1D17 ) learning these showed high diagnostic specificity The PPI network that interacted each other. mRNA expression levels validated lesions by qRT-PCR compatible results. Compared controls, abundance activated CD4 + T cells, CD8 immature dendritic cells B myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs), gamma delta mast regulatory (Tregs), helper 2 (Th2) was higher. However, CD56 bright natural killer (NK) monocytes, NK lower. Correlation analysis revealed a link between Meanwhile, predicted TFs miRNAs target compounds genes. Conclusion Five correlated These findings suggested may promote development activating Our study might enhance our comprehension pathogenic mechanism offer treatment option

Язык: Английский

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Melanocyte stem cells in the skin: Origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), melanocyte lineage‐specific skin derived from the neural crest, are observed in mammalian hair follicle, epidermis or sweat gland. MSCs differentiate into mature melanin‐producing melanocytes, which confer and pigmentation uphold vital functions. In controlling coordinating homeostasis, repair regeneration of tissue, play a role. Decreased numbers impaired functions closely associated with development therapy many conditions, such as graying, vitiligo, wound healing melanoma. With advancement cell technology, relevant features have been further elaborated. this review, we provide an exhaustive overview cutaneous highlight latest advances MSC research. A better understanding biological characteristics micro‐environmental regulatory mechanisms will help to improve clinical applications regenerative medicine, disorders cancer therapy. Key points This review provides concise summary origin, characteristics, homeostatic maintenance therapeutic potential MSCs. The role application value discussed. significance single‐cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR‐Cas9 technology practical models research is highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Hair Follicle Melanocytes Initiate Autoimmunity in Alopecia Areata: a Trigger Point

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(3), С. 417 - 430

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress-induced hypermethylation and low expression of ANXA2R: Novel insights into the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo

Journal of Dermatological Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 114(3), С. 115 - 123

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the roles and potential therapeutic strategies of inflammation and metabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo: a mendelian randomization and bioinformatics-based investigation

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Introduction: Vitiligo, a common autoimmune acquired pigmentary skin disorder, poses challenges due to its unclear pathogenesis. Evidence suggests inflammation and metabolism’s pivotal roles in onset progression. This study aims elucidate the causal relationships between vitiligo inflammatory proteins, immune cells, metabolites, exploring bidirectional associations potential drug targets. Methods: Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis encompassed 4,907 plasma 91 731 cell features, 1400 metabolites. Bioinformatics included Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network construction, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Subnetwork discovery hub protein identification utilized Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin. Colocalization target exploration, including molecular docking validation, were performed. Results: MR identified 49 39 59 metabolites causally related vitiligo. revealed significant involvement PPI, GO enrichment, KEGG pathways. six central with Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) exhibiting strong colocalization evidence. validated Piceatannol’s binding IRF3, indicating stable interaction. Conclusion: comprehensively elucidates inflammation, response, intricate Identified proteins pathways offer therapeutic targets, IRF3 emerging as promising candidate. These findings deepen our understanding vitiligo’s etiology, informing future research development endeavors.

Язык: Английский

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Fibroblast: A Novel Target for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases Therapeutics

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 66(3), С. 274 - 293

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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