Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023
Abstract
Neoadjuvant
chemotherapy
(NAC)
followed
by
surgery
is
a
standard
approach
for
management
of
locally
advanced
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(ESCC).
Patients
who
do
not
respond
well
to
NAC
have
poor
prognosis.
Despite
extensive
research,
the
mechanisms
chemoresistance
in
ESCC
remain
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
established
paired
tumor
organoids
–
designated
as
PreNAC-O
and
PostNAC-O
from
one
patient
before
after
NAC,
respectively.
Although
two
did
exhibit
significant
differences
proliferation,
morphology
or
drug
sensitivity
vitro,
tumorigenicity
vivo
was
significantly
higher
than
that
PreNAC-O.
Xenografts
tended
keratinization,
while
those
displayed
conspicuous
necrotic
areas.
The
xenografts
during
comparable
without
treatment.
Furthermore,
gene
expression
profiles
suggested
genes
involved
EMT
and/or
hypoxia
response
might
be
related
PostNAC-O.
Our
data
residual
cancer
had
been
enhanced,
outweighing
effects
chemotherapy,
rather
being
attributable
intrinsic
chemoresistance.
Further
studies
are
required
clarify
extent
which
cancers
share
common
mechanism
similar
revealed
here.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
nanoscale
secreted
by
cells,
have
attracted
considerable
attention
in
recent
years
due
to
their
role
tumor
immunomodulation.
These
facilitate
intercellular
communication
transporting
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
other
biologically
active
substances,
they
exhibit
a
dual
development
immune
evasion
mechanisms.
Specifically,
EVs
can
assist
cells
evading
surveillance
attack
impairing
cell
function
or
modulating
immunosuppressive
pathways,
thereby
promoting
progression
metastasis.
Conversely,
also
transport
release
immunomodulatory
factors
that
stimulate
the
activation
regulation
of
system,
enhancing
body's
capacity
combat
malignant
diseases.
This
functionality
presents
promising
avenues
targets
for
immunotherapy.
By
examining
biological
characteristics
influence
on
immunity,
novel
therapeutic
strategies
be
developed
improve
efficacy
relevance
cancer
treatment.
review
delineates
complex
immunomodulation
explores
potential
implications
approaches,
aiming
establish
theoretical
foundation
provide
practical
insights
advancement
future
EVs-based
immunotherapy
strategies.
Biomaterials Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(14), С. 3500 - 3521
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
This
review
systematically
summarizes
the
cutting-edge
methods
for
preparing
engineered
exosomes
through
cell
engineering
and
exosome
engineering,
as
well
latest
advancements
of
in
therapeutic
applications.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
emerging
data
have
highlighted
the
critical
role
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
especially
(exosomes)
Exos,
in
progression
and
development
several
cancer
types.
These
nano-sized
are
released
by
different
cell
lineages
within
niche
maintain
a
suitable
platform
for
interchange
various
signaling
molecules
paracrine
manner.
Based
on
studies,
Exos
can
transfer
oncogenic
factors
to
other
cells,
alter
activity
immune
tumor
microenvironment,
leading
expansion
cells
metastasis
remote
sites.
It
has
been
indicated
that
cell-to-cell
crosstalk
is
so
complicated
wide
array
involved
this
process.
How
which
mechanisms
regulate
behavior
non-cancer
at
center
debate.
Here,
we
scrutinize
molecular
parenchyma.
Besides,
tumoricidal
properties
from
stem
(SC)
types
discussed
detail.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2024
Abstract
Oxygen
is
necessary
for
life
and
plays
a
key
pivotal
in
maintaining
normal
physiological
functions
treat
of
diseases.
Hemoglobin-based
oxygen
carriers
(HBOCs)
have
been
studied
developed
as
replacement
red
blood
cells
(RBCs)
transport
due
to
their
similar
oxygen-carrying
capacities.
However,
applications
HBOCs
are
hindered
by
vasoactivity,
oxidative
toxicity,
relatively
short
circulatory
half-life.
With
advancements
nanotechnology,
Hb
encapsulation,
absorption,
bioconjugation,
entrapment,
attachment
nanomaterials
used
prepare
nanomaterial-related
address
these
challenges
pend
application
several
biomedical
therapeutic
contexts.
This
review
focuses
on
the
progress
this
class
fields
hemorrhagic
shock,
ischemic
stroke,
cancer,
wound
healing,
speculates
future
research
directions.
The
expected
lead
significant
breakthroughs
substitutes,
enabling
widespread
use
treatment
clinical
Graphical
Clinical & Experimental Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
216(3), С. 230 - 239
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Immune
checkpoints
(ICPs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
regulating
the
immune
response.
In
tumor,
malignant
cells
can
hijack
immunosuppressive
effects
of
inhibitory
ICPs
to
promote
tumor
progression.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
produced
by
variety
and
contain
bioactive
molecules
on
their
surface
or
within
lumen.
The
expression
has
also
been
detected
EVs.
vitro
vivo
studies
have
shown
that
extracellular
vesicle
(EV
ICPs)
immunomodulatory
involved
immunity.
EV
isolated
from
peripheral
blood
cancer
patients
closely
associated
with
progression
prognosis
patients.
Blocking
recognized
as
an
effective
strategy
treatment.
However,
efficacy
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
treatment
is
hindered
emergence
therapeutic
resistance,
which
limits
widespread
use.
Researchers
demonstrated
correlated
clinical
response
ICIs
therapy
were
resistance.
Therefore,
it
essential
investigate
effects,
underlying
mechanisms,
significance
cancer.
This
review
aims
comprehensively
explore
these
aspects.
We
provided
comprehensive
description
cellular
origins,
cancer,
based
relevant
studies.
