Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Май 17, 2022
Biochars
have
potential
to
provide
agricultural
and
environmental
benefits
such
as
increasing
soil
carbon
sequestration,
crop
yield,
fertility
while
reducing
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions
nitrogen
leaching.
However,
whether
these
effects
will
sustain
for
the
long-term
is
still
unknown.
Moreover,
were
observed
mostly
in
highly
weathered
(sub-)
tropical
soils
with
low
pH
organic
(SOC).
The
northern
colder
boreal
regions
typically
higher
SOC
undergo
continuous
freeze-thaw
cycles.
Therefore,
of
biochars
may
be
different
from
those
other
climates.
only
a
few
biochar
studies
been
conducted
regions.
We
aimed
assess
on
GHG
emissions,
yield-normalized
non-CO
2
(GHGI),
N
dynamics
soils.
For
this,
we
collected
data
four
existing
Finnish
field
experiments
during
2018
growing
season.
Jokioinen
(Stagnosol),
Qvidja
(Cambisol),
Viikki-1
Viikki-2
(Umbrisol),
where
applied,
2,
8,
7
years
before,
respectively.
mineral
N,
microbial
biomass
measured
all
fields,
whereas,
additional
measurements
plant
contents
leaching
Qvidja.
increased
CO
efflux
Viikki-2,
there
no
statistically
significant
fluxes
O
or
CH
4
,
but
Qvidja,
tended
reduce
at
peak
emission
points.
tendency
seemed
silt
content
lower
initial
carbon.
demonstrated
yield
by
65%
reduced
GHGI
43%
Viikki-2.
In
increment
biomass,
uptake,
use
efficiency,
reduction
NO
3
−
–N
spruce
attributed
its
ability
retain
–N,
which
could
linked
significantly
specific
surface
area.
hence
losses,
has
implications
sustainable
management
fertilization.
Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
36(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2015
Agriculture
consumes
more
than
two
thirds
of
the
total
freshwater
planet.
This
issue
causes
substantial
conflict
in
allocation
between
agriculture
and
other
economic
sectors.
Regulated
deficit
irrigation
(RDI)
is
key
technology
because
it
helps
to
improve
water
use
efficiency.
Nonetheless,
there
a
lack
understanding
mechanisms
with
which
plants
respond
RDI.
In
particular,
little
known
about
how
RDI
might
increase
crop
production
while
reducing
amount
real-world
agriculture.
this
review,
we
found
that
largely
implemented
through
three
approaches:
(1)
growth
stage-based
irrigation,
(2)
partial
root-zone
(3)
subsurface
dripper
irrigation.
Among
these,
most
popular
effective
many
field
crops
some
woody
can
save
up
20
30
%
without
or
minimal
impact
on
yield.
Improved
efficiency
mainly
due
following:
enhanced
guard
cell
signal
transduction
network
decreases
transpiration
loss,
optimized
stomatal
control
improves
photosynthesis
ratio,
decreased
evaporative
surface
areas
reduces
soil
evaporation.
The
involved
plant
response
RDI-induced
stress
include
morphological
traits,
e.g.,
increased
root
shoot
ratio
improved
nutrient
uptake
recovery;
physiological
closure,
leaf
respiration,
maintained
photosynthesis;
biochemical
signaling
molecules
antioxidation
enzymatic
activity.
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
9(8), С. 1339 - 1339
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2017
Agriculture
is
one
of
the
economic
sectors
that
affect
climate
change
contributing
to
greenhouse
gas
emissions
directly
and
indirectly.
There
a
trend
agricultural
reduction,
but
any
practice
in
this
direction
should
not
negatively
farm
productivity
economics
because
would
limit
its
implementation,
due
high
global
food
feed
demand
competitive
environment
sector.
Precision
agriculture
practices
using
high-tech
equipment
has
ability
reduce
inputs
by
site-specific
applications,
as
it
better
target
spatial
temporal
needs
fields,
which
can
result
lower
emissions.
also
have
positive
impact
on
economics,
provides
higher
or
equal
yields
with
production
cost
than
conventional
practices.
In
work,
precision
technologies
potential
mitigate
are
presented
providing
short
description
technology
impacts
been
reported
literature
gases
reduction
associated
economics.
The
span
all
practices,
including
variable
rate
sowing/planting,
fertilizing,
spraying,
weeding
irrigation.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
15(24), С. 13849 - 13893
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2015
Abstract.
The
global
nitrogen
(N)
cycle
at
the
beginning
of
21st
century
has
been
shown
to
be
strongly
influenced
by
inputs
reactive
(Nr)
from
human
activities,
including
combustion-related
NOx,
industrial
and
agricultural
N
fixation,
estimated
220
Tg
yr−1
in
2010,
which
is
approximately
equal
sum
biological
fixation
unmanaged
terrestrial
marine
ecosystems.
According
current
projections,
changes
climate
land
use
during
will
increase
both
anthropogenic
bringing
total
600
around
2100.
fraction
contributed
directly
activities
unlikely
substantially
if
increases
efficiency
agriculture
are
achieved
control
measures
on
emissions
implemented.
Some
N-cycling
processes
emerge
as
particularly
sensitive
change.
One
largest
responses
processing
Nr
emission
atmosphere
NH3,
65
2008
93
2100
assuming
a
change
surface
temperature
5
°C
absence
increased
activity.
With
response
demand
for
animal
products
combined
effect
would
NH3
135
yr−1.
Another
major
aerosol
composition
specifically
sublimation
NH4NO3
close
ground
form
HNO3
warmer
climate,
deposit
more
rapidly
surfaces
than
aerosols.
Inorganic
aerosols
over
polluted
regions
especially
Europe
North
America
were
dominated
(NH4)2SO4
1970s
1980s,
large
reductions
SO2
have
removed
most
SO42−
these
regions.
now
NH4NO3,
volatile
contributes
PM10
health
effects
globally
well
eutrophication
effects.
volatility
rapid
dry
deposition
vapour
phase
dissociation
products,
reducing
transport
distances,
footprints
inter-country
exchange
There
important
policy
initiatives
components
cycle.
These
regional
or
country-based
delivered
substantial
soils,
waters
atmosphere.
To
date
there
no
attempts
develop
strategy
regulate
However,
considering
magnitude
use,
potential
future
increases,
very
leakage
many
forms
atmosphere,
international
action
required.
Current
legislation
not
deliver
scale
recovery
ecosystems,
decline
N2O
Such
require
improvements
across
economy
with
optimization
food
consumption
patterns.
This
allow
offer
economic
environmental
co-benefits
could
help
motivate
necessary
actions.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
23(2), С. 512 - 533
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2016
In
the
light
of
daunting
global
sustainability
challenges
such
as
climate
change,
biodiversity
loss
and
food
security,
improving
our
understanding
complex
dynamics
Earth
system
is
crucial.
However,
large
knowledge
gaps
related
to
effects
land
management
persist,
in
particular
those
human-induced
changes
terrestrial
ecosystems
that
do
not
result
land-cover
conversions.
Here,
we
review
current
state
ten
common
activities
for
their
biogeochemical
biophysical
impacts,
level
process
data
availability.
Our
shows
ca.
one-tenth
ice-free
surface
under
intense
human
management,
half
medium
one-fifth
extensive
management.
Based
on
review,
cluster
these
into
three
groups:
(i)
which
sets
are
available,
a
good
base
exists
(cropland
harvest
irrigation);
(ii)
sufficient
but
robust
lacking
(forest
harvest,
tree
species
selection,
grazing
mowing
N
fertilization);
(iii)
practices
with
severe
concomitant
an
unsatisfactory
(crop
artificial
wetland
drainage,
tillage
fire
crop
residue
element
harvest).
Although
identify
multiple
impediments
progress,
conclude
status
availability
advance
incorporating
in,
example,
or
dynamic
vegetation
models
order
provide
systematic
assessment
role
system.
This
contributes
strategic
prioritization
research
efforts
across
disciplines,
including
research,
ecological
modelling.
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11(4), С. 770 - 770
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2021
Nitrous
oxide
(N2O)
is
a
long-lived
greenhouse
gas
that
contributes
to
global
warming.
Emissions
of
N2O
mainly
stem
from
agricultural
soils.
This
review
highlights
the
principal
factors
peer-reviewed
literature
affecting
emissions
soils,
by
grouping
into
three
categories:
environmental,
management
and
measurement.
Within
these
categories,
each
impact
factor
explained
in
detail
its
influence
on
soil
summarized.
It
also
shown
how
influences
other
factors.
Process-based
simulation
models
used
for
estimating
are
reviewed
regarding
their
ability
consider
simulating
N2O.
The
model
strengths
weaknesses
managed
soils
Finally,
selected
process-based
(Daily
Century
(DAYCENT),
DeNitrification-DeComposition
(DNDC),
Soil
Water
Assessment
Tool
(SWAT))
discussed
widely
simulate
cropping
systems.
Their
evaluated
describing
components
relevant
processes
representation
model.
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11(5), С. 882 - 882
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2021
Climate
change
and
ensuring
food
security
for
an
exponentially
growing
global
human
population
are
the
greatest
challenges
future
agriculture.
Improved
soil
management
practices
crucial
to
tackle
these
problems
by
enhancing
agro-ecosystem
productivity,
fertility,
carbon
sequestration.
To
meet
Paris
climate
treaty
pledges,
must
address
validated
approaches
sequestration
stabilization.
The
present
synthesis
assesses
a
range
of
current
potential
agricultural
(AMP)
that
have
effect
on
organic
(SOC)
storage
Through
two
strategies—increasing
inputs
(e.g.,
enhanced
primary
production,
fertilizers)
reducing
SOC
losses
erosion,
managing
respiration)—AMP
can
either
sequester,
up
714
±
404
(compost)
kg
C
ha−1
y−1,
having
no
distinct
impact
(mineral
fertilization),
or
even
reduce
stocks
in
topsoil
(bare
fallow).
Overall,
subsoil
(>40
cm)
requires
further
investigation.
Moreover,
change,
permanent
sealing,
consumer
behavior
dietary
habits
waste
as
well
socio-economic
constraints
farmers
information
exchange,
long-term
economic
profitability)
important
factors
implementing
new
AMPs.
This
calls
life-cycle
assessments
those
practices.
