Impact of COVID-19 on the food supply chain

Food Quality and Safety, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(4), С. 167 - 180

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2020

Abstract A pandemic is not a new event encountered in the history of humanity because mankind has faced various pandemics history. The common point their serious negative effects on global economy. Considering food supply chain, one most important sectors economy, it been seen that COVID-19 an impact whole process from field to consumer. In light recent challenges there now considerable concern about production, processing, distribution, and demand. resulted movement restrictions workers, changes demand consumers, closure production facilities, restricted trade policies, financial pressures chain. Therefore, governments should facilitate workers agri-food products. addition, small farmers or vulnerable people be supported financially. Facilities change working conditions maintain health safety employees by altering measures. Food protectionist policies avoided prevent increase prices. conclusion, each country must realize severity situation sometimes tighten loosen measures according spread pandemic. chain also flexible enough respond purpose this review evaluate agriculture sector summarize recommendations required reduce control effect

Язык: Английский

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Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(3)

Опубликована: Май 11, 2021

Abstract Integrated Pest Management (IPM) provides an illustration of how crop protection has (or not) evolved over the past six decades. Throughout this period, IPM endeavored to promote sustainable forms agriculture, pursued sharp reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and thereby resolved myriad socio-economic, environmental, human health challenges. Global use has, however, largely continued unabated, with negative implications for farmer livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, right food. In review, we examine developed time assess whether concept remains suited present-day We believe that despite many good intentions, hard realities need be faced. 1) identify following major weaknesses: i) a multitude definitions generate unnecessary confusion; ii) inconsistencies between concepts, practice, policies; iii) insufficient engagement farmers technology development frequent lack basic understanding its underlying ecological concepts. 2) By diverting from fundamental principles, integration practices proceeded along serendipitous routes, proven ineffective, yielded unacceptable outcomes. 3) show majority cases, chemical control still basis plant programs. 4) Furthermore, research is often lagging, tends misguided, pays attention ecology functioning agroecosystems. 5) Since 1960s, rules have been twisted, foundational concepts degraded serious (farm-level) implementation not advanced. To remedy this, are proposing Agroecological Crop Protection as captures agroecology can optimally put service protection. constitutes interdisciplinary scientific field comprises orderly strategy (and clear prioritization) at field, farm, agricultural landscape level dimension social organizational ecology.

Язык: Английский

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Diversified Crop Rotation: An Approach for Sustainable Agriculture Production

Advances in Agriculture, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2021

Diversified crop rotation (DCR) improves the efficiency of farming systems all over world. It has potentiality to improve soil condition and boost system productivity. Improved attributes such as increased water uptake storage, a greater number beneficial organisms, may yield tolerance drought other hard growing conditions in variety rotations. Crop rotations with crops benefit farmers,reduce production risk uncertainty, enhance ecological sustainability. Farmers be able diversify their sources income by adopting diversified Furthermore, because distinct structure, function, relationship plant community DCR, it contributes long-term development health decreasing insect, weed, disease incidence increasing physical chemical structure soil. DCR is becoming more popular approach for maintaining sustainable production. This review provides evidence significance challenges adapt it, possible way out overcome challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2022

Abstract Diversified cropping systems, especially those including legumes, have been proposed to enhance food production with reduced inputs and environmental impacts. However, the impact of legume pre-crops on main crop yield its drivers has never systematically investigated in a global context. Here, we synthesize 11,768 observations from 462 field experiments comparing legume-based non-legume systems show that legumes enhanced by 20%. These advantages decline increasing N fertilizer rates diversity system. The benefits are consistent among crops (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) evident across pedo-climatic regions. Moreover, greater (32% vs. 7%) observed low- high-yielding environments, suggesting increase low Africa or organic agriculture). In conclusion, our study suggests rotations offer critical pathway for enhancing production, when integrated into low-input low-diversity agricultural systems.

Язык: Английский

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Crop Diversification for Improved Weed Management: A Review

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(5), С. 461 - 461

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

Weeds are among the major constraints to any crop production system, reducing productivity and profitability. Herbicides most effective methods control weeds, reliance on herbicides for weed has increased significantly with advent of herbicide-resistant crops. Unfortunately, over-reliance leads environmental-health issues causing human health ecological concerns. Crop diversification can help manage weeds sustainably in systems. It acts as an organizing principle under which technological innovations insights be combined sustainably. Diversified cropping defined conscious inclusion functional biodiversity at temporal and/or spatial levels improve stability ecosystem services. helps reduce density by negatively impacting seed germination growth. Additionally, diversified farming systems more resilient climate change than monoculture provide better yield. However, there a few challenges adopting ranging from technology innovations, government policies, farm-level decisions, change, market conditions. In this review, we discuss how supports sustainable management, associated it, future management respect concept.

Язык: Английский

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Methods of yield stability analysis in long-term field experiments. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(2)

Опубликована: Март 29, 2021

Abstract In the face of a changing climate, yield stability is becoming increasingly important for farmers and breeders. Long-term field experiments (LTEs) generate data sets that allow quantification different agronomic treatments. However, there are no commonly accepted guidelines assessing in LTEs. The large diversity options impedes comparability results reduces confidence conclusions. Here, we review provide guidance most encountered methodological issues when analysing major points recommend discuss individual sections following: researchers should (1) make quality approaches analysis from LTEs as transparent possible; (2) test deal with outliers; (3) investigate include, if present, potentially confounding factors statistical model; (4) explore need detrending data; (5) account temporal autocorrelation necessary; (6) explicit choice measures consider correlation between some measures; (7) dependence on mean yield; (8) trends stability; (9) report standard errors inference where possible. For these issues, pros cons various solutions examples illustration. We conclude to ample use linking up sets, publish data, so can be compared by other authors and, finally, impacts methods interpreting analyses. Consistent suggested recommendations may basis robust analyses subsequently design stable cropping systems better adapted climate.

Язык: Английский

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Agro-economic prospects for expanding soybean production beyond its current northerly limit in Europe

European Journal of Agronomy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 133, С. 126415 - 126415

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2021

Soybean is one of the five crops that dominate global agriculture, along with maize, wheat, cotton and rice. In Europe, soybean still plays a minor role cultivated mainly in South East. Very little known about potential for higher latitudes relatively cool conditions. To investigate agronomic limitations feed (high grain yield) food protein content, e.g., tofu production) latitudes, an organic cropping system experiment was carried out from 2015 to 2017 northeastern Germany. The objectives were: (1) identify food- feed-grade cultivars are adapted central European climate terms protein, yield, yield stability, (2) explore effect irrigation on under dry growing conditions, (3) determine agro-economic cultivation both markets. Three were tested without irrigation. ‘Sultana’ ‘Merlin’ better cycle temperature, providing more stable yields (average 2700 kg ha−1) than food-grade cultivar ‘Protibus’ 1300 ha−1). Irrigation increased by 41% average. year sufficient precipitation, no additional necessary. Gross margins ranged between 750 € ha−1 rainfed 2000 irrigated other crops. We demonstrated large as novel legume crop diversify systems increase production Europe.

Язык: Английский

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Current research on the ecosystem service potential of legume inclusive cropping systems in Europe. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(2)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Abstract Legume crops hold promise to diversify the currently simplified rotations that dominate Europe and increase sustainability of European farming systems. Nevertheless, most legumes have been ignored by farmers, advisors, value chain agents in EU, where are estimated occupy only ~2% arable land. Recent surveys find farmers see a lack knowledge on agroecological impacts (re)introducing as key barrier legume adoption. A review current research potential legume-inclusive cropping systems would help assessing whether targeting sufficiently supports overcoming this barrier. We systematically reviewed synthesized published literature reporting agricultural ecosystem service delivery with included compared those without legumes. Our analysis 163 articles revealed: (1) bulk addresses production-related services delivered few species (pea, clover, faba bean, vetch, 70% studies) comparatively assessed cereal-based rotations; (2) substantial gaps also exist, encompassing less direct relevance economic outcomes (e.g., biodiversity) for high variability pest disease suppression); (3) studies at plot-level within-season scales (92% 75% studies, respectively). Assessed context recent complementary we limited focus is both counter demands from likely result self-reinforcing socio-technical regimes which prioritize production over non- or indirectly-marketable services. conclude scientists should include species, services, contexts, not yet well studied, order provide base need amplify benefits crop diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Future area expansion outweighs increasing drought risk for soybean in Europe

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(5), С. 1340 - 1358

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

The European Union is highly dependent on soybean imports from overseas to meet its protein demands. Individual Member States have been quick declare self-sufficiency targets for plant-based proteins, but detailed strategies are still lacking. Rising global temperatures painted an image of a bright future production in Europe, emerging climatic risks such as drought so far not included any those outlooks. Here, we present simulations and the most prominent risk factors across Europe using ensemble climate growth models. Projections suggest substantial increase potential area productivity Central while southern would become increasingly supplementary irrigation. Average rise by 8.3% (RCP 4.5) 8.7% 8.5) result improved growing conditions (plant physiology benefiting rising temperature CO2 levels) farmers adapting them cultivars with longer phenological cycles. Suitable 31.4% 37.7% mid-century, contributing considerably more than closing gap Europe. While wet at harvest incidental cold spells current key challenges extending production, models data analysis anticipate that heat will dominant limitations future. Breeding heat-tolerant water-efficient genotypes needed further improve adaptation changing conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Diversification for enhanced food systems resilience

Nature Food, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(11), С. 832 - 834

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Язык: Английский

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