Epidemics and the future of coffee production

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(27)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2021

In this perspective, we draw on recent scientific research the coffee leaf rust (CLR) epidemic that severely impacted several countries across Latin America and Caribbean over last decade, to explore how socioeconomic impacts from COVID-19 could lead reemergence of another epidemic. We describe past CLR outbreaks have been linked reduced crop care investment in farms, as evidenced years following 2008 global financial crisis. discuss relationships between incidence, farmer-scale agricultural practices, economic signals transferred through local effects. contextualize current labor, unemployment, stay-at-home orders, international border policies affect farmer investments plants turn create conditions favorable for future shocks. conclude by arguing COVID-19's disruptions are likely drive industry into severe production While argument illustrates vulnerabilities come a globalized system, it also highlights necessity ensuring well-being all. By increasing institutions paying smallholders more, can fairer healthier system is more resilient social-ecological

Язык: Английский

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Achieving win-win outcomes for biodiversity and yield through diversified farming

Basic and Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 67, С. 14 - 31

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022

To leverage agriculture's potential to better benefit both people and nature, policymakers need clear messages about which farming practices positively impact biodiversity yields, when trade-offs arise. Existing reviews analyse effects of different agricultural on either or yield, without considering interactions. Here, we applied multinomial quantile regression models synthesize global evidence synergies between using 764 paired observations (from 43 studies across 18 countries) comparing diversified simplified systems. Results show that farmland diversification led win-win outcomes for yield in 23% cases, while a win coupled with loss was the most likely outcome (28% cases). Yield responses were negatively correlated, meaning diversifying systems solely pursuit production goals is unlikely lead markedly biodiversity, vice-versa. Yet certain situations made significantly more likely, including crop animal production, multiple (e.g., intercropping cover crops), combined, no agrochemicals applied, occurred temperate climates, enhanced below-ground taxa. Win-win also than lose-lose measured as richness richness-evenness, but not abundance, suggesting contexts can effectively enhance species diversity increasing yields. Overall, commodity group bioclimatic location amongst important contextual factors influencing likelihood synergy trade-off accounts these less unexpected outcomes. Our novel method up-to-date review frequently leads and/or compared monocultures stripped natural vegetation, opening pathway sustainable production.

Язык: Английский

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Diversified crop rotations reduce groundwater use and enhance system resilience

Agricultural Water Management, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 276, С. 108067 - 108067

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2022

Agricultural intensification has increased crop productivity but simplified production and reduced cropping system diversity. In recent decades, the intensified wheat–maize rotation in North China Plain sharply decreased groundwater table, with associated environmental biodiversity issues. Understanding whether increasing diversity stabilizes productivity, improves resilience, reduces adverse impacts is critical. This study quantified water requirements of nine staple crops from 1960 to 2020, established 15 alternative rotations, evaluated resilience each Cangzhou area, a typical deletion funnel area. The results showed that reducing density (harvests per year) 2 1.5 average annual requirement irrigation demand by 14 % 33 %, respectively. Summer soybean alternated maize rotated wheat did not reduce use profitability protein production. Spring mung bean–summer millet-based multi-rotations had higher precipitation coupling degrees (8 wet years, 17 normal 56 dry years) (1.1–2.4 times) than rotation. spring potato–summer millet one year greatest profitability, highest equivalent yield wheat, efficiency (WUE), while winter wheat–summer performed best for content, energy output, WUEs. identified 11 rotations comprehensive evaluation index conventional based on entropy-TOPSIS considering 12 indicators. mungbean suitable inclusion when solely cultivated due mismatched rainfall. Beyond maize, soybean, millet, potato are promising innovative multi-year multi-crop enhance diversification, maximize outputs, minimize depletion. study's analysis could be extended develop robust diverse multiple co-benefits other water-stressed agricultural regions.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers and constraints of on-farm diversity. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 42(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Genotype and Seasonal Variation Affect Yield and Oil Quality of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Mediterranean Conditions

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1), С. 122 - 122

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

The adoption of climate-resilient and resource-use efficient crop species varieties is a key adaptation action for farmers in the face climate change. Safflower, an emerging oilseed crop, has been recognized its high oil quality favorable agronomic traits such as drought cold tolerance, making it particularly suitable to Mediterranean conditions. A 2-year field study was carried out evaluate effects genotype growing season on phenology, seed production, macronutrient accumulation partitioning, fatty acid composition spring-sown safflower grown under rainfed experiment conducted during 2012 2013 seasons alluvial deep loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) at Centre Agri-environmental Research “E. Avanzi” University Pisa (Pisa, Central Italy). Higher yield components (plant density, plant height, branching, number capitula per seeds capitulum) were found almost all genotypes when sown mid-March compared late April 2013. More conditions 2012, i.e., early sowing date, higher precipitation, quite mild temperatures, led better greater aboveground biomass nitrogen uptake, with highest amounts being removed by straw. Greater be associated height plant. Oil content negatively affected temperatures lower precipitation that occurred season. Seasonal variation depended genotype. Lower favored oleic linoleic medium genotypes. Among genotypes, linoleic-type Sabina oleic-type Montola 2000 performed best both seasons. results, besides identifying promising spring region future breeding programs, pointed importance contrast unfavorable environmental seed-filling, thus ensuring yields.

Язык: Английский

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