Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(3), С. 311 - 311
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
Small
Extracellular
Vesicles
(sEVs)
are
typically
30-150
nm
in
diameter,
produced
inside
cells,
and
released
into
the
extracellular
space.
These
vesicles
carry
RNA,
DNA,
proteins,
lipids
that
reflect
characteristics
of
their
parent
enabling
communication
between
cells
alteration
functions
or
differentiation
target
cells.
Owing
to
these
properties,
sEVs
have
recently
gained
attention
as
potential
carriers
for
functional
molecules
drug
delivery
tools.
However,
use
a
therapeutic
platform
faces
limitations,
such
challenges
mass
production,
purity
issues,
absence
established
protocols
characterization
methods.
To
overcome
these,
researchers
exploring
engineering
various
applications.
This
review
discusses
origins
effects,
proposing
areas
needing
intensive
study.
It
covers
cell-derived
natural
state
engineered
forms
specific
purposes.
Additionally,
details
sources
subsequent
purification
also
outlines
requirements
successful
clinical
trials,
including
methods
large-scale
production
purification.
Finally,
we
discuss
progress
ongoing
trials
implications
future
healthcare,
offering
comprehensive
overview
latest
research
sEV
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(3), С. 672 - 672
Опубликована: Март 18, 2022
Delivering
therapeutics
to
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
is
difficult
because
of
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
Therapeutic
delivery
across
tight
junctions
BBB
can
be
achieved
through
various
endogenous
transportation
mechanisms.
Receptor-mediated
transcytosis
(RMT)
one
most
widely
investigated
and
used
methods.
Drugs
hijack
RMT
by
expressing
specific
ligands
that
bind
receptors
mediating
transcytosis,
such
as
transferrin
receptor
(TfR),
low-density
lipoprotein
(LDLR),
insulin
(INSR).
Cell-penetrating
peptides
viral
components
originating
from
neurotropic
viruses
also
utilized
for
efficient
crossing
therapeutics.
Exosomes,
or
small
extracellular
vesicles,
have
gained
attention
natural
nanoparticles
treating
CNS
diseases,
owing
their
potential
broad
surface
engineering
capability.
RMT-mediated
transport
exosomes
LDLR-targeting
apolipoprotein
B
has
shown
promising
results.
Although
surface-modified
possessing
brain
targetability
enhanced
in
preclinical
studies,
successful
development
clinically
approved
exosome
diseases
requires
establishment
quantitative
qualitative
methods
monitoring
exosomal
parenchyma
vivo
well
elucidation
mechanisms
underlying
exosomes.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023
B
cells
occupy
a
vital
role
in
the
functioning
of
immune
system,
working
tandem
with
T
to
either
suppress
or
promote
tumor
growth
within
microenvironment(TME).
In
addition
direct
cell-to-cell
communication,
and
other
release
exosomes,
small
membrane
vesicles
ranging
size
from
30-150
nm,
that
facilitate
intercellular
signaling.
Exosome
research
is
an
important
development
cancer
research,
as
they
have
been
shown
carry
various
molecules
such
major
histocompatibility
complex(MHC)
integrins,
which
regulate
TME.
Given
close
association
between
TME
development,
targeting
substances
has
emerged
promising
strategy
for
therapy.
This
review
aims
present
comprehensive
overview
contributions
made
by
exosomes
microenvironment
(TME).
Additionally,
we
delve
into
potential
cell-derived
progression
cancer.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024
Malignancy
is
a
major
public
health
problem
and
among
the
leading
lethal
diseases
worldwide.
Although
current
tumor
treatment
methods
have
therapeutic
effect
to
certain
extent,
they
still
some
shortcomings
such
as
poor
water
solubility,
short
half-life,
local
systemic
toxicity.
Therefore,
how
deliver
agent
so
realize
safe
effective
anti-tumor
therapy
become
urgently
be
solved
in
this
field.
As
medium
of
information
exchange
material
transport
between
cells,
exosomes
are
considered
promising
drug
delivery
carrier
due
their
nano-size,
good
biocompatibility,
natural
targeting,
easy
modification.
In
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
isolation,
identification,
loading,
modification
carriers
for
alongside
application
therapy.
Basic
knowledge
exosomes,
biogenesis,
sources,
characterization
methods,
also
introduced
herein.
addition,
challenges
related
use
vehicles
discussed,
along
with
future
trends.
This
review
provides
scientific
basis
exosome
systems
oncological
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024
Abstract
Exosomes
are
nanoscale
extracellular
vesicles
secreted
by
cells
and
enclosed
a
lipid
bilayer
membrane
containing
various
biologically
active
cargoes
such
as
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
Engineered
exosomes
generated
through
genetic
modification
of
parent
show
promise
drug
delivery
vehicles,
they
have
been
demonstrated
to
great
therapeutic
potential
for
treating
cancer,
cardiovascular,
neurological,
immune
diseases,
but
systematic
knowledge
is
lacking
regarding
optimization
loading
assessment
efficacy.
This
review
summarizes
current
approaches
engineering
evaluating
their
effects,
techniques
assessing
exosome
release
kinetics,
cell
targeting,
biodistribution,
pharmacokinetics,
outcomes
critically
examined.
Additionally,
this
synthesizes
the
latest
applications
in
clinical
translation.
The
compiled
provides
framework
rational
design
rigorous
therapeutics.
Continued
advancement
robust
characterization
methods
reporting
standards
will
accelerate
development
technologies
pave
way
studies.
Graphical
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
264, С. 130728 - 130728
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Exosomes
(EXOs),
minute
membranous
structures
originating
from
diverse
biological
sources,
have
recently
seized
the
attention
of
researchers
due
to
their
theranostic
potential
for
neurological
diseases.
Released
actively
by
various
cells,
including
stem
adipose
tissue,
and
immune
EXOs
wield
substantial
regulatory
influence
over
intricate
landscape
complications,
exhibiting
both
positive
negative
modulatory
effects.
In
AD,
play
a
pivotal
role
in
disseminating
breaking
down
amyloid-β
protein.
Moreover,
derived
mesenchymal
cells
showcase
remarkable
capacity
mitigate
pro-inflammatory
phenotypes
regulating
miRNAs
neurodegenerative
These
vesicles
possess
unique
ability
traverse
blood-brain
barrier,
governing
aggregation
mutant
huntingtin
Understanding
exosomal
functions
within
CNS
holds
significant
promise
enhancing
treatment
efficacy
This
review
intricately
examines
mechanisms
involving
disease
development,
highlighting
therapeutic
prospects
exploring
utility
exosome-based
nanomedicine
complications.
Additionally,
delves
into
challenges
associated
with
drug
delivery
brain,
emphasizing
complexities
inherent
this
critical
aspect
neurotherapeutics.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 709 - 709
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
Of
all
the
numerous
nanosized
extracellular
vesicles
released
by
a
cell,
endosomal-originated
exosomes
are
increasingly
recognized
as
potential
therapeutics,
owing
to
their
inherent
stability,
low
immunogenicity,
and
targeted
delivery
capabilities.
This
review
critically
evaluates
transformative
of
exosome-based
modalities
across
pharmaceutical
precision
medicine
landscapes.
Because
precise
biomolecular
cargo
delivery,
posited
ideal
candidates
in
drug
enhancing
regenerative
strategies,
advancing
diagnostic
technologies.
Despite
significant
market
growth
projections
exosome
therapy,
its
utilization
is
encumbered
substantial
scientific
regulatory
challenges.
These
include
lack
universally
accepted
protocols
for
isolation
complexities
associated
with
navigating
environment,
particularly
guidelines
set
forth
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA).
presents
comprehensive
overview
current
research
trajectories
aimed
at
addressing
these
impediments
discusses
prospective
advancements
that
could
substantiate
clinical
translation
exosomal
therapies.
By
providing
analysis
both
capabilities
hurdles
therapeutic
applications,
this
article
aims
inform
direct
future
paradigms,
thereby
fostering
integration
systems
into
mainstream
practice.
