Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Feb. 14, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
nanoscale
secreted
by
cells,
have
attracted
considerable
attention
in
recent
years
due
to
their
role
tumor
immunomodulation.
These
facilitate
intercellular
communication
transporting
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
other
biologically
active
substances,
they
exhibit
a
dual
development
immune
evasion
mechanisms.
Specifically,
EVs
can
assist
cells
evading
surveillance
attack
impairing
cell
function
or
modulating
immunosuppressive
pathways,
thereby
promoting
progression
metastasis.
Conversely,
also
transport
release
immunomodulatory
factors
that
stimulate
the
activation
regulation
of
system,
enhancing
body's
capacity
combat
malignant
diseases.
This
functionality
presents
promising
avenues
targets
for
immunotherapy.
By
examining
biological
characteristics
influence
on
immunity,
novel
therapeutic
strategies
be
developed
improve
efficacy
relevance
cancer
treatment.
review
delineates
complex
immunomodulation
explores
potential
implications
approaches,
aiming
establish
theoretical
foundation
provide
practical
insights
advancement
future
EVs-based
immunotherapy
strategies.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 672 - 672
Published: March 18, 2022
Delivering
therapeutics
to
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
is
difficult
because
of
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
Therapeutic
delivery
across
tight
junctions
BBB
can
be
achieved
through
various
endogenous
transportation
mechanisms.
Receptor-mediated
transcytosis
(RMT)
one
most
widely
investigated
and
used
methods.
Drugs
hijack
RMT
by
expressing
specific
ligands
that
bind
receptors
mediating
transcytosis,
such
as
transferrin
receptor
(TfR),
low-density
lipoprotein
(LDLR),
insulin
(INSR).
Cell-penetrating
peptides
viral
components
originating
from
neurotropic
viruses
also
utilized
for
efficient
crossing
therapeutics.
Exosomes,
or
small
extracellular
vesicles,
have
gained
attention
natural
nanoparticles
treating
CNS
diseases,
owing
their
potential
broad
surface
engineering
capability.
RMT-mediated
transport
exosomes
LDLR-targeting
apolipoprotein
B
has
shown
promising
results.
Although
surface-modified
possessing
brain
targetability
enhanced
in
preclinical
studies,
successful
development
clinically
approved
exosome
diseases
requires
establishment
quantitative
qualitative
methods
monitoring
exosomal
parenchyma
vivo
well
elucidation
mechanisms
underlying
exosomes.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: June 5, 2023
B
cells
occupy
a
vital
role
in
the
functioning
of
immune
system,
working
tandem
with
T
to
either
suppress
or
promote
tumor
growth
within
microenvironment(TME).
In
addition
direct
cell-to-cell
communication,
and
other
release
exosomes,
small
membrane
vesicles
ranging
size
from
30-150
nm,
that
facilitate
intercellular
signaling.
Exosome
research
is
an
important
development
cancer
research,
as
they
have
been
shown
carry
various
molecules
such
major
histocompatibility
complex(MHC)
integrins,
which
regulate
TME.
Given
close
association
between
TME
development,
targeting
substances
has
emerged
promising
strategy
for
therapy.
This
review
aims
present
comprehensive
overview
contributions
made
by
exosomes
microenvironment
(TME).
Additionally,
we
delve
into
potential
cell-derived
progression
cancer.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 28, 2024
Malignancy
is
a
major
public
health
problem
and
among
the
leading
lethal
diseases
worldwide.
Although
current
tumor
treatment
methods
have
therapeutic
effect
to
certain
extent,
they
still
some
shortcomings
such
as
poor
water
solubility,
short
half-life,
local
systemic
toxicity.
Therefore,
how
deliver
agent
so
realize
safe
effective
anti-tumor
therapy
become
urgently
be
solved
in
this
field.
As
medium
of
information
exchange
material
transport
between
cells,
exosomes
are
considered
promising
drug
delivery
carrier
due
their
nano-size,
good
biocompatibility,
natural
targeting,
easy
modification.
In
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
isolation,
identification,
loading,
modification
carriers
for
alongside
application
therapy.
Basic
knowledge
exosomes,
biogenesis,
sources,
characterization
methods,
also
introduced
herein.
addition,
challenges
related
use
vehicles
discussed,
along
with
future
trends.
This
review
provides
scientific
basis
exosome
systems
oncological
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 3, 2024
Abstract
Exosomes
are
nanoscale
extracellular
vesicles
secreted
by
cells
and
enclosed
a
lipid
bilayer
membrane
containing
various
biologically
active
cargoes
such
as
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
Engineered
exosomes
generated
through
genetic
modification
of
parent
show
promise
drug
delivery
vehicles,
they
have
been
demonstrated
to
great
therapeutic
potential
for
treating
cancer,
cardiovascular,
neurological,
immune
diseases,
but
systematic
knowledge
is
lacking
regarding
optimization
loading
assessment
efficacy.
This
review
summarizes
current
approaches
engineering
evaluating
their
effects,
techniques
assessing
exosome
release
kinetics,
cell
targeting,
biodistribution,
pharmacokinetics,
outcomes
critically
examined.
Additionally,
this
synthesizes
the
latest
applications
in
clinical
translation.
The
compiled
provides
framework
rational
design
rigorous
therapeutics.
Continued
advancement
robust
characterization
methods
reporting
standards
will
accelerate
development
technologies
pave
way
studies.
Graphical
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
264, P. 130728 - 130728
Published: March 11, 2024
Exosomes
(EXOs),
minute
membranous
structures
originating
from
diverse
biological
sources,
have
recently
seized
the
attention
of
researchers
due
to
their
theranostic
potential
for
neurological
diseases.
Released
actively
by
various
cells,
including
stem
adipose
tissue,
and
immune
EXOs
wield
substantial
regulatory
influence
over
intricate
landscape
complications,
exhibiting
both
positive
negative
modulatory
effects.
In
AD,
play
a
pivotal
role
in
disseminating
breaking
down
amyloid-β
protein.
Moreover,
derived
mesenchymal
cells
showcase
remarkable
capacity
mitigate
pro-inflammatory
phenotypes
regulating
miRNAs
neurodegenerative
These
vesicles
possess
unique
ability
traverse
blood-brain
barrier,
governing
aggregation
mutant
huntingtin
Understanding
exosomal
functions
within
CNS
holds
significant
promise
enhancing
treatment
efficacy
This
review
intricately
examines
mechanisms
involving
disease
development,
highlighting
therapeutic
prospects
exploring
utility
exosome-based
nanomedicine
complications.
Additionally,
delves
into
challenges
associated
with
drug
delivery
brain,
emphasizing
complexities
inherent
this
critical
aspect
neurotherapeutics.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(15), P. 8367 - 8367
Published: July 28, 2022
Stroke
is
the
leading
cause
of
death
and
neurological
disorders
worldwide.
However,
diagnostic
techniques
treatments
for
stroke
patients
are
still
limited
certain
types
stroke.
Intensive
research
has
been
conducted
so
far
to
find
suitable
treatments,
but
there
no
success.
In
recent
years,
various
studies
have
drawn
much
attention
clinical
value
utilizing
mechanism
exosomes,
low
toxicity,
biodegradability,
ability
cross
blood–brain
barrier.
Recent
reported
on
use
biomarkers
protective
recovery
effects
exosomes
derived
from
stem
cells
or
in
stage
after
This
review
focuses
publications
describing
changes
following
strokes
processes
potential
applications
as
therapeutics.
