Hearing Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 109302 - 109302
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 103(3), С. 1693 - 1787
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023
Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactive individuals with low levels endurance strength elite athletes who produce prodigious performances underpinned by pleiotropic training-induced muscular adaptations. Our current understanding signal integration, interpretation, output coordination cellular molecular mechanisms that govern plasticity across this continuum is incomplete. As such, training methods their application largely rely on “trial-and-error” approach, experience practices successful coaches often providing bases for “post hoc” scientific enquiry research. This review provides synopsis morphological functional changes along underlying adaptation endurance- resistance-based training. These traits are placed in context innate genetic interindividual differences performance, special consideration given aging athletes. Collectively, we provide comprehensive overview response different modes how such adaptations translate “molecules medals.”
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
97
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022
Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet training), the biological genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated performance level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, well psychological traits. Athletic phenotype complex depends combination different traits characteristics: such, it requires "complex science," like metadata multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers adequate predictive power. could enable optimize maximize performance, predict risk sports-related injuries. Exercise profound proteome too. Proteomics assess both from qualitative quantitative point view modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed epigenetics changes athletes. Summarizing, omics specialties seem converge unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics defined "holistic top-down," "non-hypothesis-driven research individual's metabolite during sports exercise" (the Athlome Project Consortium Santorini Declaration) Not only includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying athlete's passport profile, would systematic study sports-induced effects any (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, wealth data so huge massive heterogenous new computational algorithms protocols needed, more power required strategies for properly effectively combining integrating data.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
31
Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2022
Recent studies have shown that physical activities can prevent aging-related neurodegeneration. Exercise improves the metabolic landscape of body. However, role these differential metabolites in preventing neurovascular unit degeneration (NVU) is still unclear. Here, we performed single-cell analysis brain tissue from young and old mice. Normalized mutual information (NMI) was used to measure heterogeneity between each pair cells using non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method. Astrocytes choroid plexus epithelial (CPC), two types CNS glial cells, differed significantly depending on their aging status intercellular interactions. The MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database scMetabolism package were analyze calculate pathways associated with CPC. These mRNAs corresponding proteins involved (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid, 2-Hydroxyglutarate, 2-Ketobutyric 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Fumaric L-Leucine, Oxidized glutathione Our results showed CPC age heterogeneity-associated (ECHS1, GSTT1, HSD17B10, LDHA, LDHB) might be directly targeted by metabolite oxidized (GSSG). Further molecular dynamics free-energy simulations confirmed insight into GSSG’s targeting function barrier proteins. By inhibiting CPC, GSSG inhibits energy metabolism, whereas exercise pathway activity NVU regulating homeostasis. In order develop drugs neurodegenerative diseases, further are needed understand how enhances metabolism modulating CPC-glial cell
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
31
Sports Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 53(8), С. 1651 - 1665
Опубликована: Май 6, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
20
Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023
High-level football (soccer) players face intense physical demands that result in acute and residual fatigue, impairing their performance subsequent matches. Further, top-class are frequently exposed to match-congested periods where sufficient recovery times not achievable. To evaluate training strategies, the monitoring of players’ profiles is crucial. Along with neuro-mechanical impairments, match-induced fatigue causes metabolic disturbances denoted by changes chemical analytes can be quantified different body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, thus acting biomarkers. The these molecules might supplement performance, neuromuscular cognitive measurements guide coaches trainers during period. present narrative review aims comprehensively scientific literature on biomarkers post-match semi-professional professional well provide an outlook role metabolomic studies play this field research. Overall, no single gold-standard biomarker exists, a range metabolites available assess aspects recovery. use panels suitable simultaneously broad physiological processes, yet further research fluctuations throughout warranted. Although important efforts have been made address high interindividual heterogeneity markers, limitations inherent markers compromise information they protocols. Further metabolomics benefit from evaluating long-term period high-level match shed light upon new
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
17
Clinical and Translational Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Fibromyalgia patients vary in clinical phenotype and treatment can be challenging. The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is incompletely understood but appears to involve metabolic changes at rest or response stress. We enrolled 54 31 healthy controls this prospective study. Symptoms were assessed using the Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) blood samples collected for metabolomics analysis baseline after an oral glucose tolerance test a cardiopulmonary exercise test. identified key symptoms related them pathways with supervised unsupervised machine learning methods. Algorithms trained FIQ information assigned diagnosis new data balanced accuracy 88% while fatigue alone already provided 86% accuracy. Supervised analyses reduced metabolomic from 77 13 markers. With these metabolites, could cases 79% In addition, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid glutamine levels correlated severity fatigue. Patients differed tyrosine purine pathways, pyrimidine pathway stress challenges. Several markers are involved glutaminergic neurotransmission. This data-driven highlights as symptom fibromyalgia. associated which also reflect degree Responses physical stresses result pattern that allows discrimination narrows focus on pathophysiological processes targets.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(3), С. e0300593 - e0300593
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common condition that characterized by metabolic impairments. Exercise therapy has proven effective in improving the physiological and psychological states of patients with T2DM; however, influence different exercise modalities on profiles not fully understood. This study first aimed to investigate changes associated T2DM among then evaluate potential effects (Tai Chi brisk walking) their profiles. Methods included 20 11 healthy subjects. Patients were randomly allocated either Tai or walking group perform Dijia simplified 24-form (80–100 m/min), 90 minutes each time, three times per week for 12 weeks, total 36 sessions. The maintained daily living habits without intervention. Glycemic tests conducted at baseline after weeks. Serum urine samples collected untargeted metabolomic analyses weeks examine differential between subjects, alterations before therapy. Results Compared group, exhibited disturbances carbohydrates (fructose, mannose, galactose, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis), lipids (inositol phosphate), amino acids (arginine, proline, cysteine, methionine, valine, leucine, isoleucine) metabolism, including metabolites serum six urine. After exercise, glycemic results showed insignificant changes. However, who practiced significant improvements post-treatment compared baseline, nine metabolites, branch-chained (BCAAs); while those had significantly altered four concerning steroid hormone biosynthesis arachidonic acid metabolism baseline. Conclusion displayed impaired carbohydrate, lipid, improved health. Different may act through pathways. improve disrupted BCAAs whereas mainly regulates metabolism.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Exercise training can lead to changes in the metabolic composition of an athlete’s blood, magnitude which depends largely on intensity and duration exercise. A variety behavioral, biochemical, hormonal, immunological biomarkers are commonly used assess physical condition during exercise training. However, traditional invasive muscle biopsy testing methods unable comprehensively detect physiological differences body. Metabolomics technology is a high-throughput, highly sensitive technique that provides comprehensive assessment small molecule metabolites (molecular weight <1,500 Da) By measuring overall characteristics biological samples, we study endogenous organism or cell at certain moment time, investigate interconnection dynamic patterns between changes, thus further understanding interactions genes environment, providing possibilities for biomarker discovery, precise nutritional programming athletes. This paper summaries progress research application metabolomics sports science, looks forward future development metabolomics, with view new approaches perspectives improving human performance, promoting against chronic diseases, advancing science research.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Sports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(11), С. 167 - 167
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2022
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week aerobic training (AT) and saffron supplementation on inflammation metabolism in middle-aged obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Thirty-two T2DM were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 all groups): + (ST), placebo (PT), (SS), (P). The ST PT performed eight weeks (three sessions/week at 60−75% HRmax). A daily dose 400 mg powder was consumed by SS for weeks. Blood samples taken after 12 h fasting, 48 before first AT session, two last session. Results: AT, supplementation, their combination affected body mass index (BMI), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum levels insulin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.05). However, weight, fat percentage, glucose, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), irisin, low-density (LDL-C) showed significant changes group only In addition, a difference seen between factors post-training follow-up Conclusions: Saffron mg/day, when combined could improve inflammation, metabolism, glycemic status, lipid profile patients, these are sustainable up detraining.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
19
The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 603(1), С. 69 - 86
Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2023
Abstract Mitochondria adapt to increased energy demands during muscle contraction by acutely altering metabolite fluxes and substrate oxidation. With age, an impaired mitochondrial metabolic response may contribute reduced exercise tolerance decreased skeletal mass, specific force, overall fatty depositions in the muscle, frailty depressed maintenance. We hypothesized that elevated stress mitochondria with age alters capacity of utilize different substrates following contraction. To test this hypothesis, we used vivo electrical stimulation simulate high‐intensity intervals (HII) or low intensity steady‐state (LISS) young (5–7 months) aged (27–29 male female mice characterize effects sex on utilization Mitochondrial respiration using glutamate males HII oxidation was inhibited both contracted non‐stimulated muscle. Analyses metabolome indicated changes pathways induced LISS contractions are absent improved function HII, treated females elamipretide (ELAM), a mitochondrially‐targeted peptide shown improve bioenergetics restore redox status ELAM removed inhibition showed pathway suggesting rescuing improving bioenergetic from increases enhances image Key points Acute local gastrocnemius can systemically alter Age‐related palmitoyl carnitine sex‐dependent. Respiration after is Metabolite level decrease mice. Treatment partially rescue
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11