Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Several systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has limited attention given understanding functioning intervention processes, which is paramount importance for interpreting and translating effectiveness. The aim this review determine extent process evaluation measured school-based HIIT interventions explore effects characteristics on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, muscular strength, blood pressure. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted SPORT Discus (EBSCOhost), Web Science, Scopus, Medline (Ovid) Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials. narratively reported, alongside with guidance complex by UK Medical Research Council. Meta-analyses meta-regressions were outcomes. Results literature identified 77 studies reporting 45 interventions. In total, five reported a section or separate study, only one adopted framework. On average, 6 out 12 measures all Subgroup analyses did not indicate any beneficial treatment group, whereas pooled data without group showed significant improvement CRF composition. Conclusion Process frequently omitted children adolescents. Although may directly associate better outcomes, it allows accurate interpretation thereby enhancing generalisability dissemination

Язык: Английский

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High‐intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Background High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterized by repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise interspersed with recovery periods. Previous studies have evaluated this strategy various population subgroups, regimens, and comparator groups, limiting the generalizability findings. We performed a novel umbrella review to generate an up‐to‐date synthesis available evidence regarding effect HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults as compared non‐exercise control traditional continuous forms such moderate‐intensity (MICT). Methods An was conducted accordance Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews Reviews guideline. Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web Science) were searched until February 2024. Systematic reviews meta‐analyses comparing active/non‐active conditions included. Literature search, data extraction, methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR‐2) independently two reviewers. Results Twenty‐four systematic meta‐analyses, representing 429 primary 12 967 unique participants, met inclusion criteria. Most received moderate‐to‐critically low AMSTAR‐2 scores. The showed that HIIT, including particularly variant “sprint training” (SIT), significantly increases CRF (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.28 4.31; weighted [WMD]: 3.25 5.5 mL/kg/min) MICT (SMD: 0.18 0.99; WMD: 0.52 3.76 mL/kg/min). This consistently observed across specific groups individuals (e.g., apparently healthy adults, overweight/obesity, older high‐level athletes) modalities low‐volume whole‐body home‐based aquatic short SIT). Conclusion Existing from supports enhancing when MICT. Our findings offer comprehensive basis may potentially contribute informing physical activity guidelines aimed at improving general population.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiorespiratory and metabolic consequences of detraining in endurance athletes

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Background: A training program can stimulate physiological, anatomical, and performance adaptations, but these improvements be partially or entirely reversed due to the cessation of habitual physical activity resulting from illness, injury, other influencing factors. Purpose: To investigate effects detraining on cardiorespiratory, metabolic, hormonal, muscular as well short-term long-term changes in endurance athletes. Methods: Eligible studies were sourced databases library up until July 2023. Included considered athletes subjects reported duration. Results: Total leads a decrease VO 2 max reductions both blood plasma volume. Cardiac include decreases left ventricular mass, size, thickness, along with an increase heart rate pressure, ultimately reduced cardiac output impaired performance. Metabolically, there are declines lactate threshold muscle glycogen, increased body weight, altered respiratory exchange ratio, power parameters. In short term, is insulin sensitivity, while glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol levels remain unchanged. Skeletal experiences arterial-venous oxygen difference glucose transporter-4. Implementing partial reduction may help mitigate drastic losses physiological parameters, consideration when transitioning between seasons. Conclusion: There dearth data investigating reduction/cessation among Delving deeper into this topic useful for professionals researchers identify optimal strategies minimize effects.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of Interval Training in Improving Body Composition and Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(11), С. 2817 - 2840

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024

Abstract Background Although the efficacy of interval training for improving body composition has been summarized in an increasing number systematic reviews recent years, discrepancies review findings and conclusions have observed. Objective This study aims to synthesize available evidence on compared with moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) nonexercise control (CON) reducing adiposity apparently healthy adults. Methods An umbrella meta-analysis was performed. A search conducted seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web Science) up October 2023. Systematic meta-analyses randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MICT/CON were included. Literature selection, data extraction, methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses performed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses based type [high-intensity (HIIT) sprint (SIT)], intervention duration, mass index, exercise modality, volume HIIT protocols. Results Sixteen reviews, including 79 RCTs 2474 unique participants, met inclusion criteria. Most had critically low ( n = 6) or AMSTAR-2 score. Interval demonstrated significantly greater reductions total fat percent (BF%) MICT [weighted mean difference (WMD) − 0.77%; 95% confidence (CI) 1.12 0.32%] CON (WMD 1.50%; CI 2.40 0.58%). Significant mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, android also observed following CON. indicated that both SIT resulted superior BF% loss than MICT. These benefits appeared be more prominent individuals overweight/obesity longer duration interventions (≥ 12 weeks), as well protocols cycling modality low-volume (i.e., < 15 min high-intensity per session). Conclusions novel large-scale provides updated synthesis implications physical activity guideline recommendations. The support viable strategy general population.

Язык: Английский

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Physiological adaptations and performance enhancement with combined blood flow restricted and interval training: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101030 - 101030

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

We aimed to determine: (a) the chronic effects of interval training (IT) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on physiological adaptations (aerobic/anaerobic capacity and muscle responses) performance enhancement (endurance sprints), (b) influence participant characteristics intervention protocols these effects. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web Science (Core Collection), Cochrane Library (Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure April 2, updates October 17, 2024. Pooled for each outcome summarized using Hedge's g (g) through meta-analysis-based random models, subgroup regression analyses used explore moderators. A total 24 studies 621 participants included. IT BFR (IT+BFR) significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (g = 0.63, I2 63%), mean power during Wingate 30-s test 0.70, 47%), strength 0.88, 64%), endurance 0.43, 0%), time fatigue 1.26, 86%), aerobic speed 0.74, 0%) compared alone. Subgroup analysis indicated that including status, intensity, modes moderated VO2max (subgroup differences: p < 0.05). Specifically, IT+BFR showed superior improvements alone trained individuals 0.76) at supra-maximal intensity 1.29) moderate 1.08) as well walking 1.64) running 0.63) modes. Meta-regression cuff width (β 0.14) was associated change, identifying 8.23 cm minimum threshold required significant improvement. regarding did not reveal any enhances optimizes aspects performance, moderators protocol (intensity, mode, type), width. This addresses various IT-related challenges provides tailored benefits diverse populations.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise snacks are a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness but not maximal fat oxidation in inactive adults: a randomized controlled trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49(7), С. 920 - 932

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

The aims of this study were (1) to determine how stair-climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) compared moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and (2) explore whether ES could improve maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) in inactive adults. Healthy, young, adults (

Язык: Английский

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A training goal-oriented categorization model of high-intensity interval training

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

There are various categorization models of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the literature that need to be more consistent definition, terminology, and concept completeness. In this review, we present a goal-oriented model HIIT, aiming find best possible consensus among defined types HIIT. This concludes with six different HIIT derived from literature, based on interaction duration, intensity interval:recovery ratio. We discuss science behind shed light effects aerobic, anaerobic, neuromuscular systems transfer into competition performance. highlight research gaps, discrepancies findings not yet proved know-how lack randomized controlled studies, especially well-trained elite athlete cohorts. Our “toolbox” approach is designed guide training. It intended lay groundwork for future systematic reviews serves as foundation meta-analyses.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise‐induced appetite suppression: An update on potential mechanisms

Physiological Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(16)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Abstract The first systematic reviews of the effects exercise on appetite‐regulation and energy intake demonstrated changes in appetite‐regulating hormones consistent with appetite suppression decreases subsequent relative over a decade ago. More recently, an intensity‐dependent effect several potential mechanisms were proposed, this review aims to highlight advances field. While exercise‐induced clearly involves acylated ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 may also be involved, though recent evidence suggests peptide tyrosine not relevant. Changes subjective perceptions continue equivocal, these results are likely due small sample sizes methodological inconsistencies. Of proposed responsible for suppression, lactate has garnered most support through vitro vivo rodent studies as well growing amount work humans. Other modulators include sex hormones, growth‐differentiation factor 15, Lac‐Phe, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, asprosin. Research should focus consider other (i.e., myokines/exerkines) improve our understanding role regulation.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical value and mechanistic analysis of HIIT on modulating risk and symptoms of depression: A systematic review

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1), С. 100433 - 100433

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The exact causal mechanisms of depression remain unclear due to the complexity triggers, which has led limitations in treating using modern drugs. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as effective medication without toxic side effects. Typically, HIIT requires less time commitment (i.e., shorter exercise duration) and exhibits pronounced benefits on depressive symptoms than other forms physical exercise. This review summarizes risk reduction clinical effects for discusses underlying mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis utilizing depression. A database search was conducted PubMed, Embase, Web Science, Scopus from inception up October 2022. methodological quality included literature evaluated by physiotherapy evidence (PEDro) scale criteria. focused evaluating changes or interventions healthy individuals, patients with depression, disorders co-morbid Consequently, associated related were summarized. total 586 participants (52 % female; mean age: 43.58±8.93 years) 22 studies included. Implementing different types alleviates individuals who have exhibited comorbidities reduced scores subjects immediately after acute In addition, long-interval short-interval treatment cardiovascular psychiatric may reduce via complex exercise-related several levels, including effecting following measures: releasing monoamines, reducing neuronal death, inducing neurogenesis, modulating functional homeostasis HPA axis, enhancing level inflammation body. relatively safe antidepressant, involve multiple neurobiological (release body), thereby participants.

Язык: Английский

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High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

British Journal of Sports Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. bjsports - 108481

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024

Objective To assess the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) and/or non-exercise control (CON) for modification metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and other cardiometabolic health outcomes in individuals MetS. Design Systematic review meta-analysis Data sources Five databases were searched from inception to March 2024. Study appraisal synthesis Meta-analyses randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HIIT MICT/CON performed MetS (waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting glucose (BG)) clinically relevant parameters. Subgroup moderator analyses conducted based on intervention duration volume. Results Out 4819 studies, 23 RCTs involving 1374 participants included (mean age: 46.2–67.0 years, 55% male). significantly improved WC (weighted mean difference (WMD) –4.12 cm, 95% CI –4.71 –3.53), SBP (WMD –6.05 mm Hg, –8.11 –4.00), DBP –3.68 –5.70 –1.65), HDL-C 0.12 mmol/L, 0.04 0.20), TG –0.34 –0.41 –0.27) BG –0.35 –0.54 –0.16) CON (all p<0.01). approaches demonstrated comparable effects MICT across all suggested that protocols low volume (ie, <15 min exercise per session) not inferior higher improving components. Conclusion This supports as an efficacious strategy Low-volume appears be a viable alternative forms aerobic exercise.

Язык: Английский

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