COVID-19 annual update: a narrative review

Human Genomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023

Abstract Three and a half years after the pandemic outbreak, now that WHO has formally declared emergency is over, COVID-19 still significant global issue. Here, we focus on recent developments in genetic genomic research COVID-19, give an outlook state-of-the-art therapeutical approaches, as gradually transitioning to endemic situation. The sequencing characterization of rare alleles different populations made it possible identify numerous genes affect either susceptibility or severity disease. These findings provide beginning new avenues pan-ethnic therapeutic well potential screening protocols. causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, spotlight, but novel threatening virus could appear anywhere at any time. Therefore, continued vigilance further warranted. We also note emphatically prevent future pandemics other world-wide health crises, imperative capitalize what have learnt from COVID-19: specifically, regarding its origins, world’s response, insufficient preparedness. This requires unprecedented international collaboration timely data sharing for coordination effective response rapid implementation containment measures.

Язык: Английский

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Psychophysical assessment of olfactory and gustatory function in post‐mild COVID‐19 patients: A matched case‐control study with 2‐year follow‐up

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. 1864 - 1875

Опубликована: Март 5, 2023

The aim of this study was to psychophysically evaluate the prevalence smell and taste dysfunction 2 years after mildly symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared that observed at 1-year follow-up while considering background chemosensory in no-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) population.This is a prospective case-control on 93 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive SARS-CoV-2 matched controls. Self-reported olfactory gustatory assessed by 22-item Sino-Nasal-Outcome Test (SNOT-22), item "Sense or taste." Psychophysical orthonasal retronasal function performance were estimated using extended Sniffin' Sticks test battery, 20 powdered tasteless aromas, strips test, respectively. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity sniffing 70% solution acetic acid.The two psychophysical assessments took place median 409 days (range, 366-461 days) 765 739-800 from first SARS-CoV-2-positive swab, At 2-year follow-up, cases exhibited decrease (27.9% vs. 42.0%; absolute difference, -14.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -21.8% -2.6%; p = 0.016) (14.0% 25.8%; -11.8%; CI, -24.2% 0.6%; 0.098). Subjects prior COVID-19 more likely than controls have an 10.8 %; 17.2%; 5.2% 28.8%) but not 9.7%; 4.3%; -5.8% 14.4% 0.496) still infection. Overall, 3.2% anosmic infection.Although proportion subjects recovered long-lasting smell/taste 1 year COVID-19, significant excess when

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6389 - 6389

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Язык: Английский

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Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(4)

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

SUMMARYSARS-CoV-2 can not only cause respiratory symptoms but also lead to neurological complications. Research has shown that more than 30% of SARS-CoV-2 patients present neurologic during COVID-19 (A. Pezzini and A. Padovani, Nat Rev Neurol 16:636-644, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0398-3). Increasing evidence suggests invade both the central nervous system (CNS) (M.S. Xydakis, M.W. Albers, E.H. Holbrook, et al. Lancet 20: 753-761, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00182-4 ) peripheral (PNS) (M.N. Soares, M. Eggelbusch, E. Naddaf, J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13:11-22, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896), resulting in a variety disorders. This review summarized CNS complications caused by infection, including encephalopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, delirium. Additionally, some PNS disorders such as skeletal muscle damage inflammation, anosmia, smell or taste impairment, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, ICU-acquired weakness, post-acute sequelae were described. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced discussed, entering brain through retrograde neuronal hematogenous routes, disrupting normal function cytokine storms, inducing cerebral ischemia hypoxia, thus leading Moreover, an overview long-COVID-19 is provided, along with recommendations for care therapeutic approaches experiencing

Язык: Английский

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A Three-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

International Journal of General Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 17, С. 751 - 762

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Background: This study explores the longitudinal psychosocial impact of Long-COVID syndrome, also known as Post-COVID-19 characterized by enduring symptoms after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, over years 2020, 2021, and 2022. It aimed to examine variations in depression, anxiety, quality life among patients during these years, hypothesizing significant inter-year differences reflecting pandemic's evolving influence. Methods: Conducted at Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious Diseases Pulmonology, Romania, this cross-sectional research involved 324 diagnosed with mild moderate COVID-19, assessed six months post-hospitalization. Standardized instruments, namely Short Form (SF-36) life, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were utilized. Results: The observed a consistent average patient age around 55 across years. A notable increase COVID-19 vaccination rates was recorded, rising from 20.9% 2020 70% 2022 (p< 0.001). Trends key post-COVID like fatigue cognitive issues varied Importantly, there decrease feelings sadness or scores declining 7.3 4.8 SF-36 survey indicated steady improvement overall health, reaching 55.8± 7.1 (p=0.035). Both GAD-7 PHQ-9 showed reductions anxiety depression p-values 0.030 0.031, respectively. Factors such smoking status, substance use, initial severity infection significantly associated levels. Conclusion: findings suggest that despite persistent physical symptoms, experienced enhancements mental well-being studied period. increasing might have contributed improvement. Addressing modifiable risk factors use could further optimize care health outcomes. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, long-COVID, post, acute COVID

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID management: a mini review of current recommendations and underutilized modalities

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Long COVID is a condition that develops in subset of patients after COVID-19 infection comprising symptoms varying severity encompassing multiple organ systems. Currently, long without consensus on formal definition, identifiable biomarkers, and validated treatment. expected to be long-term chronic for associated with suffering incapacity. There an urgent need clear management guidelines the primary care provider, who essential bridging gap more specialized improve quality life functionality their living COVID. The purpose this mini review provide providers latest highlights from existing literature regarding most common current recommendations. This also underutilized interventions stellate ganglion blocks low-dose naltrexone, both well-established safety profiles demonstrated some COVID, encourages prompt referral interventional pain management.

Язык: Английский

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The functional and structural changes in the hippocampus of COVID-19 patients

Acta Neurologica Belgica, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 123(4), С. 1247 - 1256

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Depression and brain fog as long-COVID mental health consequences: Difficult, complex and partially successful treatment of a 72-year-old patient—A case report

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection can result in long-term health consequences i.e., long COVID. The clinical manifestations of COVID include depression, anxiety, brain fog with cognitive dysfunction, memory issues, and fatigue. These delayed effects COVID-19 occur up to 30% people who have had an acute case COVID-19. In this report, a 72-year-old, fully vaccinated patient without pre-existing somatic or mental illnesses, other relevant risk factors was diagnosed Nine months following infection, the patient's depressive symptoms improved, but concentration difficulties persisted, remains unable resume work. are possibly linked micro-hemorrhages detected during examinations infection. Patient treatment complex, positive results were attained via antidepressants non-drug therapies e.g., art, music, drama, dance movement therapy, physiotherapy, occupational psychotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence and co-occurrence of cognitive impairment in children and young people up to 12-months post infection with SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron variant)

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119, С. 989 - 994

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

Cognitive impairment is often reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet evidence gaps remain. We aimed to (i) report the prevalence and characteristics of children young people (CYP) reporting "brain fog" (i.e., cognitive impairment) 12-months post PCR-proven infection determine whether differences by status exist (ii) explore CYP experiencing over a 12-month period post-infection investigate relationship between poor mental health well-being, fatigue sleep problems.

Язык: Английский

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Deterioration of neuroimmune homeostasis in Alzheimer’s Disease patients who survive a COVID-19 infection

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2024

Growing evidence has implicated systemic infection as a significant risk factor for the development and advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With emergence SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) resultant pandemic, many individuals from same aging population vulnerable to AD suffered severe with potentially unidentified long-term consequences survivors. To study impact COVID-19 survival on brain's intrinsic immune system in also suffering AD, we profiled post-mortem brain tissue patients UF Neuromedicine Human Brain Tissue Bank diagnosis who survived (COVID-AD) contrasted our findings did not experience infection, including group donors passed away before arrival United States. We assessed disease-relevant protein pathology microglial astrocytic markers by quantitative immunohistochemistry supplemented these data whole gene expression analysis performed NanoString nCounter

Язык: Английский

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