Abstract
Our
world
is
ever
evolving
and
interconnected,
creating
constant
opportunities
for
disease
outbreaks
pandemics
to
occur,
making
pandemic
preparedness
pathogen
management
crucial
global
health
security.
Early
identification
intervention
play
a
key
role
in
mitigating
the
impacts
of
outbreaks.
In
this
perspective,
we
present
Viral
Trait
Assessment
Pandemics
(ViTAP)
model
aid
early
high-risk
viruses
that
have
potential,
which
incorporates
lessons
from
past
pandemics,
including
viral
characteristics
are
important
such
as
genetic
makeup,
transmission
modes,
mutation
rates,
symptom
severity.
This
serves
foundation
development
powerful,
quantitative
tools
prediction
pathogens.
The
use
tool,
conjunction
with
other
measures,
can
allow
containment
virus.
proactive
approach
could
enable
timely
interventions,
guiding
public
responses,
resource
allocation
prevent
widespread
mitigate
impact
emerging
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
Abstract
Ostreid
herpesvirus
1
(OsHV-1)
poses
a
significant
threat
to
the
global
oyster
farming
industry,
causing
substantial
economic
losses
due
mortality
outbreaks.
While
OsHV-1
primarily
affects
Pacific
Magallana
gigas
,
it
has
been
linked
events
in
various
host
species.
Despite
advancements
understanding
epidemiology,
knowledge
gaps
persist
regarding
its
evolutionary
mechanisms
and
adaptation
genetic
backgrounds.
This
study
employs
experimental
evolution
extensive
genomic
analysis
unravel
dynamics
of
response
variation.
Our
results
show
that
mutations,
particularly
transitions
transversions,
played
role
shaping
viral
population,
leading
trend
toward
homogenization.
Stronger
positive
selection
signals
were
observed
population
with
higher
susceptibility,
suggesting
genotypes
specific
These
findings
shed
light
on
complex
interactions
hosts.
Understanding
how
this
virus
adapts
diversity
is
crucial
for
developing
strategies
mitigate
impact
industry
provides
valuable
insights
into
broader
FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
48(5)
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
Abstract
Fungal
primary
pathogenicity
on
vertebrates
is
here
described
as
a
deliberate
strategy
where
the
host
plays
role
in
increasing
species’
fitness.
Opportunism
defined
coincidental
survival
of
an
individual
strain
tissue
using
properties
that
are
designed
for
life
entirely
different
habitat.
In
case,
host's
infection
control
largely
based
innate
immunity,
and
etiologic
agent
not
transmitted
after
infection,
thus
fungal
evolution
possible.
Primary
pathogens
encompass
two
types,
depending
their
mode
transmission.
Environmental
have
double
cycle,
tend
to
become
enzootic,
adapted
preferred
particular
contrast,
host-to-host
transmission
pattern
prone
shift
neighboring,
immunologically
naive
host,
potentially
leading
epidemics.
Beyond
these
prototypical
cycles,
some
environmental
fungi
able
make
large
leaps
between
dissimilar
hosts/habitats,
probably
due
similarity
key
factors
enabling
niche,
allowing
change
from
opportunistic
pathogenicity.
Mostly,
such
seem
be
associated
with
extremotolerance.
Abstract
Highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
viruses
(HPAIV)
of
H5
clade
2.3.4.4b
pose
an
ongoing
threat
worldwide.
It
remains
unclear
whether
this
panzootic
situation
would
favor
low
virulent
phenotypes
expected
by
the
‘avirulence
hypothesis’
viral
evolution.
Assessing
virulence
in
Pekin
ducklings
intramuscular
infection
model
revealed
that
two
genotypes
dominated
epidemiological
Germany
during
period
2021
and
2022
(EU-RL:CH
EU-RL:AB)
were
high
virulence.
In
contrast,
rare
intermediate
The
genetic
constellation
these
reassortants
pointed
to
important
role
polymerase
complex
(RdRP),
particularly
PB1
genome
segment,
shaping
ducklings.
Occulo-nasal
confirmed
for
representative
indicated
a
more
efficient
replication
strain.
These
observations
be
line
with
‘virulence-transmission
trade-off’
describing
HPAIV
epidemiology
wild
birds
Germany.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023
Objectives:
The
impact
of
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs
(NSAIDs),
conventional
synthetic
disease-modifying
antirheumatic
(csDMARDs)
and
tumor
necrosis
factor
inhibitors
(TNFi)
on
the
outcomes
mild-moderate
COVID-19
in
patients
with
ankylosing
spondylitis
(AS)
remains
unclear.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
effects
NSAIDs,
csDMARDs,
TNFi
AS
COVID-19.
Methods:
cohort
utilized
patient-reported
PCR/antigen
tests
determine
occurrence
assessed
clinical
manifestations
its
severity.
focused
two
primary
outcomes:
an
increased
number
symptoms
a
prolonged
disease
course
(longer
than
10
or
28
days).
Modified
Poisson
regression
was
performed
analyze
association
between
exposures
outcomes.
Results:
A
total
521
were
included
analysis.
median
age
34.8
(inter-quartile
range:
27.2-46.7),
420
(80.6%)
being
men.
Among
patients,
52
(10.0%)
had
comorbidities
443
(85%)
been
vaccinated.
After
adjusting
for
confounding
factors,
there
no
significant
csDMARDs
presence
more
5
(adjusted
relative
risk
(RRa)
1.08,
95%
CI:
0.84-1.40
1.09,
0.92-1.29
TNFi,
respectively),
whereas
prevalence
experiencing
NSAID
monotherapy
(RRa
1.22,
1.01-1.46).
Similarly,
having
0.65,
0.26-1.64;
0.95,
0.36-2.54;
1.01,
0.53-1.91
respectively).
Patients
who
pre-existing
use
similar
odds
longer
days
1.17,
0.82-1.66;
1.18,
0.78-1.77;
0.92-1.63
respectively)
0.94,
0.31-2.81;
0.97,
0.25-3.74
1.05,
0.44-2.49,
compared
those
not
using
medication.
Conclusion:
treated
did
show
inferior
terms
symptom
burden
recovery
medication
observed
inverse
NSAIDs
deserves
further
investigation.
Kidney
transplant
recipients
(KTR)
show
higher
morbidity
and
mortality
from
COVID-19
than
the
general
population
have
an
impaired
response
to
vaccination.
We
analyzed
incidence
clinical
outcomes
in
a
single-center
cohort
of
approximately
2500
KTR.
Between
February
1,
2020
July
2022,
578
KTR
were
infected
with
SARS-CoV-2,
25
(4%)
recurrent
infections.
208
(36%)
hospitalized,
39
(7%)
died.
Among
vaccinated
patients,
infection
Omicron
variant
had
2%.
Unvaccinated
patients
showed
(9%
vs.
11%)
(hospitalization
52%
54%,
ICU-admission
12%
18%)
comparable
pre-Omicron
era.
Multivariable
analysis
revealed,
being
unvaccinated
(OR
=
2.15,
95%
CI
[1.38,
3.35]),
era
3.06,
[1.92,
4.87]),
patient
age
1.04,
[1.03,
1.06])
are
independent
risk
factors
for
hospitalization,
whereas
steroid-free
immunosuppressive
regimen
was
found
reduce
hospitalization
0.51,
[0.33,
0.79]).
This
suggests
that
both,
virological
changes
vaccination,
Our
data
extend
knowledge
provide
important
insights
into
outcome
during
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(18), С. 6103 - 6103
Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023
Kidney
transplant
recipients
(KTRs)
show
higher
morbidity
and
mortality
from
COVID-19
than
the
general
population
have
an
impaired
response
to
vaccination.
We
analyzed
incidence
clinical
outcomes
in
a
single-center
cohort
of
approximately
2500
KTRs.
Between
1
February
2020
July
2022,
578
KTRs
were
infected
with
SARS-CoV-2,
25
(4%)
recurrent
infections.
In
total,
208
(36%)
hospitalized,
39
(7%)
died.
Among
vaccinated
patients,
infection
Omicron
variant
had
2%.
Unvaccinated
patients
showed
(9%
vs.
11%)
(hospitalization
52%
54%,
ICU
admission
12%
18%)
comparable
pre-Omicron
era.
Multivariable
analysis
revealed
that
being
unvaccinated
(OR
=
2.15,
95%
CI
[1.38,
3.35]),
era
3.06,
[1.92,
4.87]),
patient
age
1.04,
[1.03,
1.06])
are
independent
risk
factors
for
hospitalization,
whereas
steroid-free
immunosuppressive
regimen
was
found
reduce
hospitalization
0.51,
[0.33,
0.79]).
This
suggests
both
virological
changes
vaccination
Our
data
extend
knowledge
provide
important
insights
into
during
