Effect of Light on Human Circadian Physiology

Sleep Medicine Clinics, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 4(2), С. 165 - 177

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2009

Язык: Английский

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CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS: Basic Neurobiology and Clinical Applications

Annual Review of Medicine, Год журнала: 1997, Номер 48(1), С. 253 - 266

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 1997

▪ Abstract Circadian rhythms are major features of adaptation to our environment. In mammals, circadian generated and regulated by a timing system. This system consists entrainment pathways, pacemakers, pacemaker output effector systems that under control. The primary pathway is the retinohypothalamic tract, which terminates in suprachiasmatic nuclei hypothalamus. principally hypothalamus, midline thalamus, basal forebrain. provides temporal organization sleep-wake cycle, many physiological endocrine functions, psychomotor performance functions. Disorders primarily affect pineal hormone, melatonin, appears be promising agent for therapy some disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Social influences on mammalian circadian rhythms: animal and human studies

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2004, Номер 79(3), С. 533 - 556

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2004

ABSTRACT While light is considered the dominant stimulus for entraining (synchronizing) mammalian circadian rhythms to local environmental time, social stimuli are also widely cited as‘zeitgebers’(time‐cues). This review critically assesses evidence influences on rhythms, and possible mechanisms of action. Social may affect behavioural programmes by regulating phase period clocks (i.e. a zeitgeber action, either direct or conditioning photic zeitgebers), influencing daily patterns exposure modulating input clock, associative learning processes that utilize time as discriminative conditioned stimulus. There good can act zeitgebers. In several species maternal signals primary in utero prior weaning. Adults some be shifted entrained single periodic interactions, but these effects often weak, appear mediated stimulation arousal. no strong yet sensory‐specific nonphotic inputs clock. The phase‐dependence clock resetting arousal (the‘nonphotic’phase response curve, PRC), where known, distinct from similar diurnal nocturnal animals. induction modulate studies whether shift cues, incorporated into programme learning. humans, zeitgebers weak comparison with light. temporal isolation under light‐dark cycles, humans ignore cues free‐run independently, although cases mutual synchrony among two more group‐housed individuals have been reported. timing controlling sleep‐wake states, entrainment observed fixed schedules dim consistent mediation (scheduled variations state necessarily create cycles unless subjects housed constant dark eyes). By contrast, discrete exercise sessions induce shifts PRC animal studies. best few totally blind who synchronize 24 h day, near‐24 laboratory conditions. However, critical not identified, there reported bilaterally enucleated subjects. role ecology, their utility manipulating remains fully elaborated.

Язык: Английский

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Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): A tool for the analysis of circadian phase in human sleep and chronobiological disorders

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2006, Номер 31(1), С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2006

Язык: Английский

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Effects of playing a computer game using a bright display on presleep physiological variables, sleep latency, slow wave sleep and REM sleep

Journal of Sleep Research, Год журнала: 2005, Номер 14(3), С. 267 - 273

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2005

Summary Epidemiological studies have shown that playing a computer game at night delays bedtime and shortens sleeping hours, but the effects on sleep architecture quality remained unclear. In present study, of using bright display nocturnal were examined in laboratory. Seven male adults (24.7 ± 5.6 years old) played exciting games with (game‐BD) dark (game‐DD) performed simple tasks low mental load as control condition front BD (control‐BD) DD (control‐DD) between 23:00 1:45 hours randomized order then went to bed 2:00 slept until 8:00 hours. Rectal temperature, electroencephalogram (EEG), heart rate subjective sleepiness recorded before polysomnogram was during sleep. Heart significantly higher after than conditions, it also DD. Subjective relative theta power EEG lower conditions. Sleep latency longer REM shorter No significant either or found slow‐wave These results suggest an affects does not affect variables.

Язык: Английский

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Physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in relation to biological rhythms

Pharmacological Reports, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 61(3), С. 383 - 410

Опубликована: Май 1, 2009

Язык: Английский

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The effects of light therapy on sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 29, С. 52 - 62

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Human responses to bright light of different durations

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 590(13), С. 3103 - 3112

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2012

Light exposure in the early night induces phase delays of circadian rhythm melatonin humans. Previous studies have investigated effect timing, intensity, wavelength, history and pattern light stimuli on human timing system. We present results from a study duration–response relationship to phase-delaying bright light. Thirty-nine young healthy participants (16 female; 22.18±3.62 years) completed 9-day inpatient study. Following three baseline days, underwent an initial assessment procedure dim (<3 lux), were then randomized for pulse (∼10,000 lux) 0.2 h, 1.0 2.5 h or 4.0 duration during 4.5 controlled-posture episode centred 16 wake episode. After another 8 sleep episode, second assessment. Phase shifts calculated difference clock time onset (DLMO) between final assessments. Exposure varying durations reset pacemaker dose-dependent, non-linear manner. Per minute exposure, was over 5 times more effective at delaying (1.07±0.36 h) as compared with (2.65±0.24 h). Acute suppression subjective sleepiness also had dose-dependent response duration. These provide strong evidence resetting

Язык: Английский

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A Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Timing, Circadian Phase, and Phase Angle of Entrainment across Human Adolescence

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 9(11), С. e112199 - e112199

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2014

The aim of this descriptive analysis was to examine sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle entrainment across adolescence in a longitudinal study design. Ninety-four adolescents participated; 38 (21 boys) were 9–10 years ("younger cohort") 56 (30 15–16 ("older at the baseline assessment. Participants completed then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for 2.5 years. At each assessment, participants wore wrist actigraph least one week home measure self-selected timing before salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) – marker system measured laboratory. Weekday weekend offset weekend-weekday differences derived from actigraphy. Phase angles time durations DLMO weekday times. Each cohort showed later (weekend weekday), offset, with age. shifted earlier age younger older after 17. Weekend-weekday increased decreased narrowed became broader cohort. had wider compared cohort; however, an age-related increase seen only. Individual these developmental trajectories. This indicated that delayed adolescence, though school-day advanced until no longer high school, whereupon later. changes are described as interaction regulation interacting psychosocial factors (e.g., bedtime autonomy).

Язык: Английский

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Human phase response curve to a 1 h pulse of bright white light

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 590(13), С. 3035 - 3045

Опубликована: Май 1, 2012

Key points The human circadian pacemaker generates near‐24‐h rhythms that set the timing of many physiological, metabolic and behavioural body rhythms, is synchronized to environmental time primarily by 24 h light–dark cycle. magnitude direction resetting response light depends on day exposure, change in responses over summarized a phase curve (PRC). A previous PRC showed 6.7 bright white exposure maximally shifted 3 h. We show 1 pulse ∼2 h, despite representing only ∼15% duration. This study demonstrates sensitive short‐duration pulses with non‐linear relationship between duration amount resetting. Abstract described current aimed construct for (∼8000 lux) compare this <3 lux dim background PRC. These data were also compared previously completed <15 constructed under similar conditions. Participants randomized either ( n = 18) or scheduled at 18 phases. constant routine (CR) procedures (<3 before after assess phase. Phase shifts calculated as difference melatonin onset (DLMO) during pre‐ post‐stimulus CRs. Exposure induced Type fitted peak‐to‐trough amplitude 2.20 No discernible was observed ∼40% 15% duration, consistent studies showing duration–response function effects

Язык: Английский

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