Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2022
Sarcopenic
obesity
is
defined
as
a
multifactorial
disease
in
aging
with
decreased
body
muscle,
muscle
strength,
independence,
increased
fat
mass,
due
to
physical
activity,
changes
adipokines
and
myokines,
satellite
cells.
People
sarcopenic
cause
harmful
myokines
adipokines.
These
are
decrease
interleukin-10
(IL-10),
interleukin-15
(IL-15),
insulin-like
growth
factor
hormone
(IGF-1),
irisin,
leukemia
inhibitory
(LIF),
fibroblast
factor-21
(FGF-21),
adiponectin,
apelin.
While
factors
such
myostatin,
leptin,
interleukin-6
(IL-6),
interleukin-8
(IL-8),
resistin
increase.
The
consequences
of
these
an
increase
inflammatory
factors,
degradation
proteins,
tissue,
which
exacerbates
sarcopenia
obesity.
In
contrast,
exercise,
especially
strength
training,
reverses
this
process,
includes
increasing
protein
synthesis,
myogenesis,
mitochondrial
biogenesis,
brown
fat,
reducing
white
atrophy.
Since
some
people
chronic
diseases
not
able
do
high-intensity
exercises
blood
flow
restriction
(BFR)
newly
recommended.
Numerous
studies
have
shown
that
low-intensity
BFR
training
produces
the
same
hypertrophy
training.
Therefore,
it
seems
exercise
interventions
can
be
effective
way
prevent
exacerbation
However,
limited
on
obesity,
more
research
needed.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(1), С. 136 - 136
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023
Sarcopenia
is
a
multifactorial
condition
related
to
the
loss
of
muscle
mass
and
strength
due
aging,
eating
habits,
physical
inactivity,
or
even
caused
by
another
disease.
Affected
individuals
have
higher
risk
falls
may
be
associated
with
heart
disease,
respiratory
diseases,
cognitive
impairment,
consequently
an
increased
hospitalization,
in
addition
causing
economic
impact
high
cost
care
during
stay
hospitals.
The
standardization
appropriate
treatment
for
patients
sarcopenia
that
could
help
reduce
pathology-related
morbidity
necessary.
For
these
reasons,
this
study
aimed
perform
systematic
review
role
nutrition
drugs
ameliorate
health
quality
life
sarcopenic
PRISMA
guidelines
were
followed.
Lifestyle
interventions
shown
profound
on
but
using
supplements
different
can
also
skeletal
maintenance.
Creatine,
leucine,
branched-chain
amino
acids,
omega
3,
vitamin
D
show
benefits.
Although
controversial
results,
medications
such
as
Metformin,
GLP-1,
losartan,
statin,
growth
hormone,
dipeptidyl
peptidase
4
inhibitors
been
considered
alter
sarcopenic's
metabolic
parameters,
protect
against
cardiovascular
diseases
outcomes,
while
protecting
muscles.
The
triad
of
vascular
impairment,
muscle
atrophy,
and
cognitive
decline
represents
critical
age-related
conditions
that
significantly
impact
health.
Vascular
impairment
disrupts
blood
flow,
precipitating
mass
reduction
seen
in
sarcopenia
the
neuronal
functions
characteristic
neurodegeneration.
Our
limited
understanding
intricate
relationships
within
this
hinders
accurate
diagnosis
effective
treatment
strategies.
This
review
ana-lyzes
interrelated
mechanisms
contribute
to
these
conditions,
with
a
specific
focus
on
ox-idative
stress,
chronic
inflammation,
impaired
nutrient
delivery.
aim
is
understand
common
pathways
involved
suggest
comprehensive
therapeutic
approaches.
dysfunctions
hinder
circulation
transportation
nutrients,
resulting
sar-copenia
characterized
by
atrophy
weakness.
dysfunction
have
negative
physical
function
quality
life.
Neurodegenerative
diseases
exhibit
comparable
pathophysiological
affect
motor
functions.
Preventive
approaches
encompass
lifestyle
adjustments,
addressing
oxidative
in-flammation,
integrated
therapies
improving
muscular
well-being.
Better
links
can
refine
strategies
yield
better
patient
out-comes.
study
emphasizes
complex
interplay
between
dysfunction,
de-generation,
decline,
highlighting
necessity
for
multidisciplinary
ap-proaches.
Advances
domain
promise
improved
diagnostic
accuracy,
more
thera-peutic
options,
enhanced
preventive
measures,
all
contributing
higher
life
elderly
population.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(21), С. 13452 - 13452
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022
Sarcopenia
is
a
disease
that
becomes
more
prevalent
as
the
population
ages,
since
it
directly
linked
to
process
of
senility,
which
courses
with
muscle
atrophy
and
loss
strength.
Over
time,
sarcopenia
obesity,
being
known
sarcopenic
leads
other
metabolic
changes.
At
molecular
level,
organokines
act
on
different
tissues
can
improve
or
harm
sarcopenia.
It
all
depends
their
production
process,
associated
factors
such
physical
exercise,
aging
diseases.
Because
seriousness
these
repercussions,
aim
this
literature
review
conduct
relationship
between
organokines,
sarcopenia,
diabetes,
well
role
exercise.
To
build
review,
PubMed-Medline,
Embase,
COCHRANE
databases
were
searched,
only
studies
written
in
English
included.
was
observed
myokines,
adipokines,
hepatokines,
osteokines
had
direct
impacts
pathophysiology
its
repercussions.
Therefore,
knowing
how
very
important
know
age,
prevention,
they
be
related
prevention
loss.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(7), С. 6840 - 6840
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023
The
bony
skeleton,
as
a
structural
foundation
for
the
human
body,
is
essential
in
providing
mechanical
function
and
movement.
skeleton
highly
specialized
dynamic
organ
that
undergoes
continuous
remodeling
it
adapts
to
demands
of
its
environment.
Advances
research
over
last
decade
have
shone
light
on
various
hormones
influence
this
process,
modulating
metabolism
integrity
bone.
More
recently,
novel
non-traditional
functions
hypothalamic,
pituitary,
adipose
their
effects
bone
homeostasis
been
proposed.
This
review
highlights
recent
work
physiological
discusses
our
knowledge,
currently
stands,
systemic
interplay
factors
regulating
interaction.
In
review,
we
provide
summary
literature
relationship
between
physiology
including
kisspeptin,
neuropeptide
Y,
follicle-stimulating
hormone
(FSH),
prolactin
(PRL),
adrenocorticotropic
(ACTH),
thyroid-stimulating
(TSH),
growth
(GH),
leptin,
adiponectin.
discovery
understanding
new
functionality
unveils
an
entirely
layer
physiologic
circuitry.
Metabolites,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(10), С. 1056 - 1056
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2023
Adiposity
is
central
to
aging
and
several
chronic
diseases.
encompasses
not
just
the
excess
adipose
tissue
but
also
body
fat
redistribution,
infiltration,
hypertrophy
of
adipocytes,
shifting
mesenchymal
stem
cell
commitment
adipogenesis.
Bone
marrow
expansion,
inflammatory
adipokines,
adipocyte-derived
extracellular
vesicles
are
development
osteopenic
adiposity.
Adipose
infiltration
local
adipogenesis
within
muscle
critical
in
developing
sarcopenic
adiposity
subsequent
poorer
functional
outcomes.
Ultimately,
osteosarcopenic
syndrome
result
all
processes
noted
above:
adipocyte
expansion
redistribution
bone,
muscle,
tissues,
resulting
bone
loss,
mass/strength
deteriorated
tissue,
decline.
Increased
typically
referred
as
obesity
expressed
by
mass
index
(the
latter
often
used
inadequately),
now
occurring
younger
age
groups,
suggesting
people
will
live
longer
with
negative
effects
This
review
discusses
role
deterioration
well
itself.
It
reveals
how
considering
including
definition
diagnosis
adiposity,
help
better
understanding
pathophysiology
each
accelerate
possible
therapies
prevention
approaches
for
both
relatively
healthy
individuals
or
those
disease.
