Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2024
Abstract
Messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
has
emerged
as
an
attractive
therapeutic
molecule
for
a
plethora
of
clinical
applications.
For
in
vivo
functionality,
mRNA
therapeutics
require
encapsulation
into
effective,
stable,
and
safe
delivery
systems
to
protect
the
cargo
from
degradation
reduce
immunogenicity.
Here,
bioengineering
platform
efficient
loading
functional
using
bionormal
nanoparticles,
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
is
established
by
expressing
highly
specific
RNA‐binding
domain
fused
CD63
EV
producer
cells
stably
target
mRNA.
The
additional
combination
with
fusogenic
endosomal
escape
moiety,
Vesicular
Stomatitis
Virus
Glycoprotein,
enables
at
doses
substantially
lower
than
currently
used
clinically
synthetic
lipid‐based
nanoparticles.
Importantly,
application
EVs
loaded
effective
cancer
immunotherapy
proves
aggressive
melanoma
mouse
model.
This
technology
addresses
substantial
drawbacks
associated
EV‐based
nucleic
acid
leap
forward
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
hold
great
promise
as
therapeutic
modalities
due
to
their
endogenous
characteristics,
however,
further
bioengineering
refinement
is
required
address
clinical
and
commercial
limitations.
Clinical
applications
of
EV-based
therapeutics
are
being
trialed
in
immunomodulation,
tissue
regeneration
recovery,
delivery
vectors
for
combination
therapies.
Native/biological
EVs
possess
diverse
properties
that
offer
stability
facilitate
crossing
biological
barriers
molecular
cargo
cells,
acting
a
form
intercellular
communication
regulate
function
phenotype.
Moreover,
important
components
paracrine
signaling
stem/progenitor
cell-based
therapies,
employed
standalone
can
be
used
drug
system.
Despite
remarkable
utility
native/biological
EVs,
they
improved
using
bio/engineering
approaches
potential.
engineered
harbor
specific
pharmaceutical
content,
enhance
stability,
modify
surface
epitopes
tropism
targeting
cells
tissues
vivo.
Limitations
currently
challenging
the
full
realization
include
scalability
standardization
generation,
characterization
design
regulation,
potency
assessment,
targeted
delivery.
The
fields'
utilization
advanced
technologies
(imaging,
quantitative
analyses,
multi-omics,
labeling/live-cell
reporters),
biocompatible
natural
sources
producing
(plants,
bacteria,
milk)
will
play
an
role
overcoming
these
Advancements
EV
engineering
methodologies
development
therapeutics,
revolutionizing
current
landscape.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(9), С. 1375 - 1375
Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
heterogamous
lipid
bilayer-enclosed
membranous
structures
secreted
by
cells.
They
comprised
of
apoptotic
bodies,
microvesicles,
and
exosomes,
carry
a
range
nucleic
acids
proteins
that
necessary
for
cell-to-cell
communication
via
interaction
on
the
cells
surface.
initiate
intracellular
signaling
pathways
or
transference
cargo
molecules,
which
elicit
pleiotropic
responses
in
recipient
physiological
processes,
as
well
pathological
such
cancer.
It
is
therefore
important
to
understand
molecular
means
EVs
taken
up
into
Accordingly,
this
review
summarizes
underlying
mechanisms
involved
EV
targeting
uptake.
The
primary
method
entry
appears
be
endocytosis,
where
clathrin-mediated,
caveolae-dependent,
macropinocytotic,
phagocytotic,
raft-mediated
uptake
have
been
variously
described
being
prevalent.
may
depend
lipids
found
surfaces
both
target
As
shown
contribute
cancer
growth
progression,
further
exploration
gateways
utilized
internalize
tumor
assist
prevention
deceleration
pathogenesis.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
34(52)
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022
Although
immunotherapy
harnessing
activity
of
the
immune
system
against
tumors
has
made
great
progress,
treatment
efficacy
remains
limited
in
most
cancers.
Current
anticancer
is
primarily
based
on
T-cell-mediated
cellular
immunity,
which
highly
relies
efficiency
triggering
cancer-immunity
cycle,
namely,
tumor
antigen
release,
presentation
by
presenting
cells,
T
cell
activation,
recruitment
and
infiltration
cells
into
tumors,
recognition
killing
cells.
Unfortunately,
these
immunotherapies
are
restricted
inefficient
drug
delivery
acting
only
a
single
step
cycle.
Due
to
high
biocompatibility,
low
immunogenicity,
intrinsic
targeting,
easy
chemical
genetic
manipulation,
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)-based
systems
widely
used
amplify
responses
serving
as
an
integrated
platform
for
multiple
drugs
or
therapeutic
strategies
synergistically
activate
several
steps
This
review
summarizes
various
mechanisms
related
affecting
cycle
disorders.
Meanwhile,
preparation
application
EV-based
modulating
introduced,
especially
improvement
tumors.
Finally,
opportunities
challenges
translational
clinical
applications
briefly
discussed.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(11), С. 4391 - 4416
Опубликована: Май 20, 2023
Owing
to
the
inherent
shortcomings
of
traditional
therapeutic
drugs
in
terms
inadequate
efficacy
and
toxicity
clinical
treatment,
nanomedicine
designs
have
received
widespread
attention
with
significantly
improved
reduced
non-target
side
effects.
Nanomedicines
hold
tremendous
theranostic
potential
for
treating,
monitoring,
diagnosing,
controlling
various
diseases
are
attracting
an
unfathomable
amount
input
research
resources.
Against
backdrop
exponentially
growing
number
publications,
it
is
imperative
help
audience
get
a
panorama
image
activities
field
nanomedicines.
Herein,
this
review
elaborates
on
development
trends
nanomedicines,
emerging
nanocarriers,
vivo
fate
safety
their
extensive
applications.
Moreover,
challenges
obstacles
hindering
translation
nanomedicines
also
discussed.
The
elaboration
aspects
may
enlighten
readers
set
route
future
endeavors.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(25)
Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023
Abstract
A
key
aspect
for
successful
drug
delivery
via
lipid‐based
nanoparticles
is
their
internalization
in
target
cells.
Two
prominent
examples
of
such
systems
are
artificial
phospholipid‐based
carriers,
as
liposomes,
and
biological
counterparts,
the
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs).
Despite
a
wealth
literature,
it
remains
unclear
which
mechanisms
precisely
orchestrate
nanoparticle‐mediated
cargo
to
recipient
cells
subsequent
intracellular
fate
therapeutic
cargo.
In
this
review,
involved
uptake
liposomes
EVs
by
evaluated,
also
exploring
after
trafficking.
Opportunities
highlighted
tweak
these
fates
enhance
efficacy
systems.
Overall,
literature
date
shows
that
both
predominantly
internalized
through
classical
endocytosis
mechanisms,
sharing
common
fate:
accumulation
inside
lysosomes.
Studies
tackling
differences
between
EVs,
with
respect
cellular
uptake,
therapy
efficacy,
remain
scarce,
despite
its
importance
selection
an
appropriate
system.
addition,
further
exploration
functionalization
strategies
represents
important
avenue
pursue
order
control
fate,
thereby
improving
efficacy.
Journal of Controlled Release,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
356, С. 463 - 480
Опубликована: Март 15, 2023
Complexity
and
difficulties
in
wound
management
are
pressing
concerns
that
affect
patients'
quality
of
life
may
result
tissue
infection,
necrosis,
loss
local
systemic
functions.
Hence,
novel
approaches
to
accelerate
healing
being
actively
explored
over
the
last
decade.
Exosomes
as
important
mediators
intercellular
communications
promising
natural
nanocarriers
due
their
biocompatibility,
low
immunogenicity,
drug
loading
targeting
capacities,
innate
stability.
More
importantly,
exosomes
developed
a
versatile
pharmaceutical
engineering
platform
for
repair.
This
review
provides
an
overview
biological
physiological
functions
derived
from
variety
origins
during
phases,
strategies
exosomal
engineering,
therapeutic
applications
skin
regeneration.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(33)
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
promising
next-generation
therapeutics
and
drug
delivery
systems
due
to
demonstrated
safety
efficacy
in
preclinical
models
early-stage
clinical
trials.
There
is
an
urgent
need
address
the
immunogenicity
of
EVs
(beyond
apparent
lack
immunotoxicity)
advance
development.
To
date,
few
studies
have
assessed
unintended
immunological
recognition
EVs.
An
in-depth
understanding
EV-induced
clearance
necessary
develop
effective
therapeutic
strategies,
including
approaches
mitigate
when
undesired.
This
article
summarizes
various
factors
involved
potential
strategies
reduce
for
improved
benefit.
