Methodology, clinical applications, and future directions of body composition analysis using computed tomography (CT) images: A review

European Journal of Radiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 145, С. 109943 - 109943

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2021

We aim to review the methods, current research evidence, and future directions in body composition analysis (BCA) with CT imaging.CT images can be used evaluate muscle tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT) compartments. Manual semiautomatic segmentation methods are still gold standards. The of skeletal VAT SAT compartments is most often performed at level 3rd lumbar vertebra. A decreased amount CT-determined mass a marker impaired survival many patient populations, including patients types cancer, some surgical patients, those admitted intensive care unit (ICU). Patients increased more susceptible / worse outcomes; however, who critically ill or ICU will undergo surgery appear exceptions. independent significance less well established. Recently, roles decrease area epicardial (EAT) volume have been shown predict debilitating course illness suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) infection.The field CT-based rapidly evolving shows great potential for clinical implementation.

Язык: Английский

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Pericoronary Adipose Tissue as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 81(9), С. 913 - 923

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Non-Invasive Multimodality Imaging in Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Anatomical and Functional Pathways

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(12), С. 2083 - 2083

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a high socioeconomic impact. Currently, various guidelines recommendations have been published about chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). According to recent European Society Cardiology on syndrome, multimodal imaging approach strongly recommended in evaluation patients suspected CAD. Today, current practice, non-invasive methods can assess anatomy through computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and/or inducible myocardial ischemia functional stress testing (stress echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography-SPECT, or positron tomography-PET). However, trials (ISCHEMIA REVIVED) cast doubt previous conception management CCS, nowadays it essential understand limitations strengths each method and, specifically, when choose focused versus anatomy-based one. Finally, concept pathophysiology-driven treatment these emerged as an important goal integrating 'anatomical' 'functional' information. The present review aims provide overview modalities for comprehensive CCS patients.

Язык: Английский

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DEep LearnIng-based QuaNtification of epicardial adipose tissue predicts MACE in patients undergoing stress CMR

Atherosclerosis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 397, С. 117549 - 117549

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Image biomarkers and explainable AI: handcrafted features versus deep learned features

European Radiology Experimental, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2024

Abstract Feature extraction and selection from medical data are the basis of radiomics image biomarker discovery for various architectures, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We herein describe typical steps components a CNN both deep feature end-to-end approaches. discuss curse dimensionality, along with dimensionality reduction techniques. Despite outstanding performance learning (DL) approaches, use handcrafted features instead learned needs to be considered each specific study. Dataset size is key factor: large-scale datasets low sample diversity could lead overfitting; limited sizes can provide unstable models. The dataset must representative all “facets” clinical phenomenon/disease investigated. access high-performance computational resources graphics processing units another factor, especially training phase architectures. advantages multi-institutional federated/collaborative described. When large language models used, high stability needed avoid catastrophic forgetting in complex domain-specific tasks. highlight that non-DL approaches model explainability superior provided by DL To implement explainability, need explainable AI arises, also through post hoc mechanisms. Relevance statement This work aims concepts imaging extract reliable robust biomarkers. Key Points biomarkers provided. main differences between representation highlighted. disadvantages versus given without losing sight purpose artificial intelligence Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Carotid artery atherosclerosis: mechanisms of instability and clinical implications

European Heart Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Abstract Cardiovascular disease remains a prominent cause of disability and premature death worldwide. Within this spectrum, carotid artery atherosclerosis is complex multifaceted condition, precursor acute ischaemic stroke other cardiovascular events. The intricate interplay among inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, immune responses participates in the development lesions, leading to luminal stenosis potential plaque instability. Even non-stenotic plaques can precipitate sudden cerebrovascular event, regardless degree encroachment. In context, imaging modalities have proved their efficacy providing vivo characterization features, contributing substantially patient risk stratification clinical management. This review emphasizes importance identifying high-risk individuals by use current modalities, biomarkers, tools. Such approaches inform early intervention implementation personalized therapeutic strategies, ultimately enhancing outcomes realm

Язык: Английский

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Unlocking Therapeutic Potential for Cardiac Remodeling in Obesity-Related HFpEF

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The role of epicardial adipose tissue dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: an overview of pathophysiology, evaluation, and management

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 16, 2023

In recent decades, the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been at forefront of scientific research because its diverse role in pathogenesis cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). EAT lies between myocardium and visceral pericardium. The same microcirculation exists both fat myocardium. Under physiological circumstances, serves as cushion protects coronary arteries from violent distortion impact. addition, acts an energy lipid source, thermoregulator, endocrine organ. pathological conditions, dysfunction promotes various CVDs progression several ways. It seems that secretions are responsible for myocardial metabolic disturbances and, finally, leads to CVDs. Therefore, might be early predictor Furthermore, different non-invasive imaging techniques have proposed identify assess important parameter stratify CVD risk. We also present potential therapeutic possibilities aiming modifying function EAT. This paper aims provide overview CVDs, discuss EAT, options Hence, may represent a novel target management future.

Язык: Английский

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Epicardial and Pericoronary Adipose Tissue, Coronary Inflammation, and Acute Coronary Syndromes

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(23), С. 7212 - 7212

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

Vascular inflammation is recognized as the primary trigger of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, current noninvasive methods are not capable accurately detecting inflammation. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericoronary (PCAT), in addition to their role an energy reserve system, have been found contribute development progression artery calcification, inflammation, plaque vulnerability. They also participate vascular response during ischemia, sympathetic stimuli, arrhythmia. As a result, evaluation EAT PCAT using imaging techniques such computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), nuclear has gained significant attention. PCAT-CT attenuation, which measures average CT attenuation Hounsfield units (HU) tissue, reflects adipocyte differentiation/size leukocyte infiltration. It emerging marker shown prognostic value disease (CAD), being associated with development, vulnerability, rupture. In patients myocardial infarction (AMI), inflammatory microenvironment promoted by dysfunctional EAT/PCAT demonstrated, more recently, it rupture non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI). Endothelial dysfunction, known for its detrimental effects on vessels association progression, bidirectionally linked PCAT. modulates secretory profile endothelial cells plays crucial regulating tone district. Consequently, dysregulated hypothesized type 2 non-obstructive arteries (MINOCA) vasculitis. Recently, quantitative derived from angiography (CCTA) included artificial intelligence (AI) models cardiovascular risk stratification. These incremental utility predicting major adverse events (MACEs) compared characteristics alone. Therefore, analysis EAT, particularly through appears be safe, valuable, sufficiently specific method identifying subsequent high-risk plaque. findings supported biopsy vivo evidence. Although speculative, these pieces evidence open door fascinating new strategy The incorporation analysis, mainly could potentially lead improved stratification guide early targeted prevention intensive secondary at higher events.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Imaging in Cardiovascular Prevention: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Cardiovascular Echography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(1), С. 8 - 18

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditional preventive measures focus on lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic interventions, risk stratification. Recently, imaging has emerged as an interesting tool in cardiovascular prevention. This review explores role various modalities early detection, assessment, disease monitoring. Noninvasive techniques such carotid ultrasound, arterial stiffness echocardiography, coronary artery calcium scoring enable identification subclinical atherosclerosis ventricular dysfunction, providing insights that complement conventional factors. Coronary computed tomography angiography cardiac magnetic resonance offer high-resolution visualization vascular myocardial pathology, contributing to refined Furthermore, emerging markers epicardial adipose tissue hepatic steatosis are gaining recognition potential predictors risk. Advancements artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizing by enhancing image interpretation, automating prediction, facilitating personalized medicine. Future research should optimizing integration into clinical workflows, improving prediction models, exploring AI-driven innovations. By exploiting technologies, clinicians could enhance primary secondary prevention strategies, ultimately reducing global burden CVDs.

Язык: Английский

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