Journal of Advanced Research,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
38, С. 223 - 244
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021
Recent
research
on
the
implications
of
gut
microbiota
brain
functions
has
helped
to
gather
important
information
relationship
between
them.
Pathogenesis
neurological
disorders
is
found
be
associated
with
dysregulation
gut-brain
axis.
Some
bacteria
metabolites
are
directly
increase
in
reactive
oxygen
species
levels,
one
most
risk
factors
neurodegeneration.
Besides
their
morbid
association,
also
play
a
significant
role
reducing
onset
these
life-threatening
disorders.Studies
done
recent
past
raises
two
link
and
brain:
"gut
microbiota-oxidative
stress-neurodegeneration"
microbiota-antioxidant-neuroprotection.
This
review
aims
gives
deep
insight
our
readers,
collective
studies
done,
focusing
mediated
oxidative
stress
involved
neurodegeneration
along
focus
those
showing
involvement
neuroprotection.This
focused
three
main
key
concepts.
Firstly,
mounting
evidences
from
clinical
preclinical
arenas
shows
influence
resulting
dysfunctional
processes.
Therefore,
we
describe
potential
influencing
vulnerability
stress,
budding
causative
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
disease.
Secondly,
contributing
roles
been
observed
attenuating
inflammation
via
its
own
or
by
producing
secondary
and,
modulation
population
antioxidative
anti-inflammatory
probiotics
have
shown
promising
neuro
resilience.
Thirdly,
high
throughput
silico
tools
databases
correlation
microbiome,
health,
thus
providing
fascinating
perspective
new
avenues
for
therapeutic
options.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020
A
substantial
body
of
evidence
supports
that
the
gut
microbiota
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
regulation
metabolic,
endocrine
and
immune
functions.
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
growing
recognition
involvement
modulation
multiple
neurochemical
pathways
through
highly
interconnected
gut-brain
axis.
Although
amazing
scientific
breakthroughs
over
last
few
years
have
expanded
our
knowledge
on
communication
between
microbes
their
hosts,
underpinnings
microbiota-gut-brain
crosstalk
remain
to
be
determined.
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
main
metabolites
produced
colon
by
bacterial
fermentation
dietary
fibers
resistant
starch,
are
speculated
play
key
neuro-immunoendocrine
regulation.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
which
SCFAs
might
influence
brain
physiology
behavior
not
fully
elucidated.
this
review,
we
will
outline
current
about
interactions.
We
also
highlight
how
development
future
treatments
for
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
disorders
can
take
advantage
intimate
mutual
interactions
with
exploring
function.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(6), С. 2099 - 2099
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2021
Emerging
evidence
indicates
that
gut
microbiota
is
important
in
the
regulation
of
brain
activity
and
cognitive
functions.
Microbes
mediate
communication
among
metabolic,
peripheral
immune,
central
nervous
systems
via
microbiota–gut–brain
axis.
However,
it
not
well
understood
how
microbiome
neurons
mutually
interact
or
these
interactions
affect
normal
functioning
cognition.
We
summarize
mechanisms
whereby
regulate
production,
transportation,
neurotransmitters.
also
discuss
dysbiosis
affects
function,
especially
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer’s
disease
Parkinson’s
disease.
Pharmacological Research,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
172, С. 105840 - 105840
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2021
Emerging
evidence
indicates
that
the
gut
microbiota
play
a
crucial
role
in
bidirectional
communication
between
and
brain
suggesting
microbes
may
shape
neural
development,
modulate
neurotransmission
affect
behavior,
thereby
contribute
to
pathogenesis
and/or
progression
of
many
neurodevelopmental,
neuropsychiatric,
neurological
conditions.
This
review
summarizes
recent
data
on
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
pathophysiology
neuropsychiatric
disorders
including
depression,
anxiety,
schizophrenia,
autism
spectrum
disorders,
Parkinson's
disease,
migraine,
epilepsy.
Also,
involvement
co-existing
with
conditions
is
highlighted.
We
discuss
from
both
vivo
preclinical
experiments
clinical
reports
including:
(1)
studies
germ-free
animals,
(2)
exploring
composition
animal
models
diseases
or
humans,
(3)
evaluating
effects
probiotic,
prebiotic
antibiotic
treatment
as
well
(4)
fecal
transplantation.
Gut Microbes,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(2), С. 135 - 157
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2019
The
human
gastrointestinal
(gut)
microbiota
comprises
diverse
and
dynamic
populations
of
bacteria,
archaea,
viruses,
fungi,
protozoa,
coexisting
in
a
mutualistic
relationship
with
the
host.
When
intestinal
homeostasis
is
perturbed,
function
tract
other
organ
systems,
including
brain,
can
be
compromised.
gut
proposed
to
contribute
blood-brain
barrier
disruption
pathogenesis
neurodegenerative
diseases.
While
progress
being
made,
better
understanding
interactions
between
microbes
host
cells,
impact
these
have
on
signaling
from
brain
now
required.
In
this
review,
we
summarise
current
evidence
their
metabolites
integrity
function,
communication
networks
which
they
may
modulate.
We
also
discuss
potential
modulation
strategies
as
therapeutic
tools
for
promoting
restoring
health.
Translational Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2019
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
dementia
in
elderly.
Treatment
for
AD
still
a
difficult
task
clinic.
associated
with
abnormal
gut
microbiota.
However,
little
known
about
role
of
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT)
AD.
Here,
we
evaluated
efficacy
FMT
treatment
We
used
an
APPswe/PS1dE9
transgenic
(Tg)
mouse
model.
Cognitive
deficits,
brain
deposits
amyloid-β
(Aβ)
and
phosphorylation
tau,
synaptic
plasticity
as
well
neuroinflammation
were
assessed.
Gut
its
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
analyzed
by
16S
rRNA
sequencing
1
H
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR).
Our
results
showed
that
could
improve
cognitive
deficits
reduce
deposition
mice.
These
improvements
accompanied
decreased
tau
protein
levels
Aβ40
Aβ42.
observed
increases
Tg
mice,
showing
postsynaptic
density
95
(PSD-95)
synapsin
I
expression
increased
after
FMT.
also
decrease
COX-2
CD11b
mice
found
reversed
changes
SCFAs.
Thus,
may
be
potential
therapeutic
strategy
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
a
prevalent
neurodegenerative
disorder,
displaying
not
only
well-known
motor
deficits
but
also
gastrointestinal
dysfunctions.
Consistently,
it
has
been
increasingly
evident
that
gut
microbiota
affects
the
communication
between
and
brain
in
PD
pathogenesis,
known
as
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
As
an
approach
to
re-establishing
normal
community,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
exerted
beneficial
effects
on
recent
studies.
Here,
this
study,
we
established
chronic
rotenone-induced
mouse
model
evaluate
protective
of
FMT
treatment
explore
underlying
mechanisms,
which
proves
involvement
dysbiosis
pathogenesis
via
axis.We
demonstrated
induced
by
rotenone
administration
caused
function
impairment
poor
behavioral
performances
mice.
Moreover,
16S
RNA
sequencing
identified
increase
bacterial
genera
Akkermansia
Desulfovibrio
samples
By
contrast,
remarkably
restored
microbial
thus
ameliorating
dysfunctions
Further
experiments
revealed
alleviated
intestinal
inflammation
barrier
destruction,
reducing
levels
systemic
inflammation.
Subsequently,
attenuated
blood-brain
(BBB)
suppressed
neuroinflammation
substantia
nigra
(SN),
further
decreased
damage
dopaminergic
neurons.
Additional
mechanistic
investigation
discovered
reduced
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
colon,
serum,
SN,
thereafter
suppressing
TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB
signaling
pathway
its
downstream
pro-inflammatory
products
both
SN
colon.Our
current
study
demonstrates
can
correct
ameliorate
model,
suppression
mediated
LPS-TLR4
possibly
plays
significant
role.
Further,
prove
involved
genesis
Video
abstract.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
216(1), С. 41 - 59
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2018
Microglia,
the
resident
immune
cells
in
brain,
are
essential
for
modulating
neurogenesis,
influencing
synaptic
remodeling,
and
regulating
neuroinflammation
by
surveying
brain
microenvironment.
Microglial
dysfunction
has
been
implicated
onset
progression
of
several
neurodevelopmental
neurodegenerative
diseases;
however,
multitude
factors
signals
microglial
activity
have
not
fully
elucidated.
Microglia
only
respond
to
local
within
but
also
receive
input
from
periphery,
including
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tract.
Recent
preclinical
findings
suggest
that
gut
microbiome
plays
a
pivotal
role
maturation
function,
altered
microbial
community
composition
reported
neurological
disorders
with
known
involvement
humans.
Collectively,
these
bidirectional
crosstalk
between
may
influence
disease
pathogenesis.
Herein,
we
discuss
recent
studies
showing
development
function
homeostatic
conditions
highlight
possible
future
research
develop
novel
treatments
brain.
